Early Eocene to middle Miocene cooling and aridification of East Antarctica

Early Eocene to middle Miocene cooling and aridification of East Antarctica
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早始新世至中中新世东南极洲的冷却和干旱化

DOI:
10.1002/ggge.20106
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Brinkhuis
Brinkhuis
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Passchier;Bohaty;Jiménez-Espejo;van de Flierdt;Escutia;Brinkhuis

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很少有高纬度的陆地记录记录记录新生代“温室”到“冰屋”转变的时间和性质。在这里,我们利用来自南极大陆边缘钻孔岩心的海洋硅质沉积物的大量地球化学,提取始新世至中新世中期(~54-13 Ma)独特的半定量温度和降水记录。碱性元素强烈富集在细粒硅质海相沉积物的碎屑矿物组分中,仅在生物组分中以微量金属的形式存在。因此,类似于化学蚀变指数(CIA)的陆地气候函数可以应用于大陆边缘海洋沉积物的碱性常量元素地球化学,以重建降水和温度的变化。我们通过与已发表的来自化石木材,树叶和花粉的古温度和降水记录进行比较来验证这种方法,并发现显着的一致性,尽管不同代理的校准存在不确定性。在始新世早期气候适宜期(~54-52 Ma)和中新世中期(~15-13 Ma)之间观察到≥8°C的长期冷却,在始新世中期(~46-45 Ma)开始出现短暂冷却事件。高纬度地层记录目前表现出的时间分辨率不足以重建始新世中晚期(~45-37 Ma)的大陆干旱和推断冰盖发展。然而,我们发现东南极洲在始新世-渐新世过渡期(~34 Ma)附近突然干旱化,这表明冰覆盖从最早的渐新世开始通过干旱效应影响高纬度大气环流模式。
Few high‐latitude terrestrial records document the timing and nature of the Cenozoic “Greenhouse” to “Icehouse” transition. Here we exploit the bulk geochemistry of marine siliciclastic sediments from drill cores on Antarctica's continental margin to extract a unique semiquantitative temperature and precipitation record for Eocene to mid‐Miocene (~54–13 Ma). Alkaline elements are strongly enriched in the detrital mineral fraction in fine‐grained siliciclastic marine sediments and only occur as trace metals in the biogenic fraction. Hence, terrestrial climofunctions similar to the chemical index of alteration (CIA) can be applied to the alkaline major element geochemistry of marine sediments on continental margins in order to reconstruct changes in precipitation and temperature. We validate this approach by comparison with published paleotemperature and precipitation records derived from fossil wood, leaves, and pollen and find remarkable agreement, despite uncertainties in the calibrations of the different proxies. A long‐term cooling on the order of ≥8°C is observed between the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (~54–52 Ma) and the middle Miocene (~15–13 Ma) with the onset of transient cooling episodes in the middle Eocene at ~46–45 Ma. High‐latitude stratigraphic records currently exhibit insufficient temporal resolution to reconstruct continental aridity and inferred ice‐sheet development during the middle to late Eocene (~45–37 Ma). However, we find an abrupt aridification of East Antarctica near the Eocene‐Oligocene transition (~34 Ma), which suggests that ice coverage influenced high‐latitude atmospheric circulation patterns through albedo effects from the earliest Oligocene onward.
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