Emergy evaluation of environmental sustainability of poultry farming that produces products with organic claims on the outskirts of mega-cities in China
Emergy evaluation of environmental sustainability of poultry farming that produces products with organic claims on the outskirts of mega-cities in China
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.01.030
复制
发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lixiao Zhang;Qiu-Hong Hu;Changbo Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lixiao Zhang;Qiu-Hong Hu;Changbo Wang
随着人们对食品安全的日益关注和中国人民购买力的增强，国内消费的有机农业生产正在蓬勃发展，主要是在特大城市的郊区。本研究的目的是对北京郊区两种典型的有机要求的家禽养殖场--后院饲养系统和果园饲养系统。在意大利进行的类似评价的结果也被用于参考和比较。结果表明，中国的两种家禽养殖系统环境可持续性较差，ESI值小于1，尽管它们没有使用抗生素和化学品，并试图增加鸡的自由放养。EYR、ELR和ESI指标比较表明，中国的两种系统上级传统生产系统，但低于意大利的草地有机耕作系统。鉴于减少环境压力、提高生态复杂性（EmExR）和提高整体可持续性的潜力，在森林或果园中饲养家禽是中国农村的一个很好的替代选择。然而，中国的有机农业实践在许多层面上都面临着挑战：（1）与中国的食品安全战略相冲突;（2）他们通常是小规模经营;（3）他们缺乏最佳生产实践的知识;（4）他们在信用体系中的声誉不佳。
With increasing concerns about food safety and the enhanced purchasing power of people in China, organic agricultural production for domestic consumption is booming, primarily on the outskirts of megacities. The aim of this study was to perform an emergy evaluation of the environmental sustainability of two typical kinds of poultry farms with organic claims in a suburb of Beijing, i.e., a backyard rearing system and an orchard rearing system. The results of a similar evaluation conducted in Italy were also used for reference and comparison. The results show that the two poultry farming systems in China had poor environmental sustainability, with ESI values less than 1, despite the fact that they had used no antibiotics and chemicals, and were trying to increase free range for chickens. The two systems in China were superior to conventional production systems, but inferior to the grass organic farming system used in Italy, as demonstrated by the indicator comparisons of EYR, ELR and ESI. In light of the potential for decreasing environmental pressure, enhancing ecological complexity (indicated by EmExR) and increasing overall sustainability, raising poultry in forests or orchards is a good alternative choice in rural China. Nevertheless, organic farming practices in China are experiencing challenges on many levels: (1) they conflict with China's food safety strategy; (2) they are often having small scale operations; (3) they lack knowledge of best production practices; and (4) they have a bad reputation with the credit system.