Statistical Analysis of MUX-Based Physical Unclonable Functions
Statistical Analysis of MUX-Based Physical Unclonable Functions
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DOI：
10.1109/tcad.2013.2296525
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Yingjie Lao;K. Parhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yingjie Lao;K. Parhi
物理不可克隆函数（puf）利用制造工艺变化所带来的不可控随机性，将密钥存储在集成电路中。这些puf可用于设备的身份验证和安全应用程序中的密钥生成。本文对各种基于多路复用器（MUX-based）的PUF进行了严格的统计分析，包括原始MUX PUF、前馈MUX PUF、改进的前馈MUX PUF和多路复用器-解路复用器（MUX/DeMUX） PUF。改进的前馈MUX PUF结构是本文介绍的一种新型结构。本文分析了三种类型的前馈puf。包括前馈重叠、前馈级联和前馈分离。性能分析量化了芯片间和芯片内的变化，作为阶段数量、工艺变化方差、环境噪声方差和不同puf的仲裁者偏差的函数。本文还介绍并分析了另外三个性能指标，即可靠性、唯一性和随机性。如果PUF具有较少的芯片变异，则它更可靠。如果芯片间的差异接近50%，则PUF更独特。如果PUF的响应位为0或1，且概率相等，则PUF更具随机性。我们的统计分析表明，如果N大于10，则芯片内变异对阶段数N的依赖性较小。然而，当N小于100时，片间的变化依赖于N。结果表明，前馈PUFs比MUX PUFs具有更大的芯片内变化；然而，改进的前馈puf的芯片内变化明显低于前馈puf。结果表明，改进的前馈级联MUX PUF具有最好的唯一性和随机性，而原MUX PUF具有最好的可靠性。本文的分析可以供设计人员根据应用需求选择合适的PUF。这消除了为选择合适的PUF而制造和测试许多PUF的需要。
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) can store secret keys in integrated circuits (ICs) by exploiting the uncontrollable randomness due to manufacturing process variations. These PUFs can be used for authentication of devices and for key generation in security applications. This paper presents a rigorous statistical analysis of various types of multiplexer-based (MUX-based) PUFs including the original MUX PUF, the feed-forward MUX PUFs, the modified feed-forward MUX PUFs, and multiplexer-demultiplexer (MUX/DeMUX) PUF. The modified feed-forward MUX PUF structure is a new structure that is introduced in this paper. Three types of feed-forward PUFs are analyzed in this paper. These include feed-forward overlap, feed-forward cascade and feed-forward separate. The performance analysis quantifies interchip and intrachip variations as a function of the number of stages, the process variation variance, the environmental noise variance, and the arbiter skew for different PUFs. Three other metrics of performance are also introduced and analyzed in this paper, which include reliability, uniqueness, and randomness. A PUF is more reliable if it has less intrachip variation. A PUF is more unique if the interchip variation is closer to 50%. A PUF is more random if its response bit is 0 or 1 with equal probability. Our statistical analysis shows that the intrachip variation is less dependent on the number of stages, N, if N is greater than ten. However, the interchip variation is dependent on N if N is less than 100. It is shown that the feed-forward PUFs have higher intrachip variation than MUX PUFs; however, the modified feed-forward PUFs have significantly lower intrachip variation than the feed-forward PUFs. It is shown that the modified feed-forward cascade MUX PUF has the best uniqueness and randomness, while the original MUX PUF has the best reliability. The analysis presented in this paper can be used by the designer to choose an appropriate PUF based on the application's requirement. This eliminates the need for fabrication and testing of many PUFs for selecting an appropriate PUF.