Functional conservation and diversification of APETALA1/FRUITFULL genes in Brachypodium distachyon
Functional conservation and diversification of APETALA1/FRUITFULL genes in Brachypodium distachyon
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二穗短柄草 APETALA1/FRUITFULL 基因的功能保护和多样化
DOI：
10.1111/ppl.12427
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
An Hailong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Qi;Wang Ye;Wang Fuxiang;Guo Yuyu;Duan Xueqing;Sun Jinhao;An Hailong
重复的草APETALA 1/FRUITFULL（AP 1/FUL）基因具有不同的，但重叠的表达模式，表明它们的离散角色过渡到开花，规范小穗分生组织身份和规范花器官身份。本研究以温带禾本科模式植物二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）为材料，分析了四个AP 1/FUL同源基因（BdVRN 1、BdFUL 2、BdFUL 3和BdFUL 4）的表达模式和功能。在所检测的四个基因中，只有BdVRN 1能记住长时间的冷处理。最近重复的BdVRN 1和BdFUL 2基因以高度一致的方式表达，并且它们的异位表达引起相似的表型，例如极早开花和花器官的严重形态改变，表明它们在花转变、花序发育和花器官身份中的冗余作用。相比之下，BdFUL 3和BdFUL 4的异位表达仅引起中度早花表型，表明它们的功能不同。在酵母双杂交试验中，BdVRN 1和BdFUL 2都与SEP蛋白发生物理相互作用，但只有BdFUL 2能够形成同源二聚体。BdVRN 1也与BdFUL 2弱相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，自从禾本科植物中的AP 1/FUL基因分离以来，已经发生了亚功能化或新功能化的过程，并且旁系同源物在开花能力和花序发育中冗余和/或单独地发挥作用。
The duplicated grassAPETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL) genes have distinct but overlapping patterns of expression, suggesting their discrete roles in transition to flowering, specification of spikelet meristem identity and specification of floral organ identity. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and functions of fourAP1/FULparalogs (BdVRN1,BdFUL2,BdFUL3andBdFUL4) inBrachypodium distachyon, a model plant for the temperate cereals and related grasses. Among the four genes tested, onlyBdVRN1could remember the prolonged cold treatment. The recently duplicatedBdVRN1andBdFUL2genes were expressed in a highly consistent manner and ectopic expressions of them caused similar phenotypes such as extremely early flowering and severe morphological alterations of floral organs, indicating their redundant roles in floral transition, inflorescence development and floral organ identity. In comparison, ectopic expressions ofBdFUL3andBdFUL4only caused a moderate early flowering phenotype, suggesting their divergent function. In yeast two‐hybrid assay, both BdVRN1 and BdFUL2 physically interact with SEP proteins but only BdFUL2 is able to form a homodimer. BdVRN1 also interacts weakly with BdFUL2. Our results indicate that, since the separation ofAP1/FULgenes in grasses, the process of sub‐ or neo‐functionalization has occurred and paralogs function redundantly and/or separately in flowering competence and inflorescence development.