The World Trade Center evacuation study: Factors associated with initiation and length of time for evacuation
The World Trade Center evacuation study: Factors associated with initiation and length of time for evacuation
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DOI：
10.1002/fam.1080
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Sherman, Martin F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gershon, Robyn R. M.;Magda, Lori A.;Sherman, Martin F.
2001年9月11日，发生了美国历史上最大的工作场所疏散之一。疏散在很大程度上是成功的：据估计，世界贸易中心(WTC)1号和2号楼所有居民中有87%在不到两小时内撤离。然而，疏散时间是高度可变的，并不完全由建筑物的工程参数来解释。为了了解可能影响2001年9月11日疏散时间的因素的复杂性，纽约市哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院的公共卫生科学家进行了一项跨学科的研究。通过对1444名疏散人员的抽样调查数据的分析，发现了启动和完全疏散世贸中心1号和2号楼的几个促进者和时间障碍。在个人层面，这些因素包括社会人口和职业变量、健康状况、感官提示、风险感知、拖延行为和跟随团体或紧急领导人。在组织一级，因素包括应急准备安全气候变量。结构性(环境)因素包括出口路线障碍、糟糕的标志、拥堵和通信系统故障。研究中确定的许多因素都是可以修改的。因此，这些数据有可能为高层防备和应对政策和程序提供信息。版权所有(C)2011 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
On 11 September 2001, one of the largest workplace evacuations in the U.S. history took place. The evacuation was largely successful: an estimated 87% of all occupants in World Trade Center (WTC) Towers 1 and 2 exited in less than two hours. Evacuation times, however, were highly variable and not entirely explained by the engineering parameters of the buildings. To understand the complexity of factors that potentially influenced the evacuation time on 11 September, 2001, an interdisciplinary research study was conducted by public health scientists from the Mailman School of Public Health at the Columbia University in the New York City. Analysis of survey data collected from a sample of 1444 evacuees identified several facilitators and barriers to length of time to initiate and fully evacuate from WTC Towers 1 and 2. At the individual level, these included sociodemographic and occupational variables, health status, sensory cues, risk perception, delaying behaviors, and following a group or an emergent leader. At the organizational level, factors included emergency preparedness safety climate variables. Structural (environmental) factors included egress route barriers, poor signage, congestion, and communication system failures. Many factors identified in the study are modifiable. Therefore, these data have the potential to inform high-rise preparedness and response policies and procedures. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.