Fate and transport of biological microcontaminants bound to microplastics in the soil environment
Fate and transport of biological microcontaminants bound to microplastics in the soil environment
复制标题
土壤环境中与微塑料结合的生物微污染物的归宿和迁移
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164439
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gardner, Courtney M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maguire, Lane W.;Gardner, Courtney M.
微塑料，即最大尺寸小于5毫米的破碎塑料颗粒，是一种令人担忧的新兴污染物，也可作为其他化学和生物污染物的载体。与化学污染物相比，微塑料吸附生物微污染物（如抗生素抗性基因、小干扰rna和致病病毒）的潜力尚不清楚。尽管陆地环境被认为是微塑料的重要汇和来源，但目前许多微塑料研究都是基于水生环境（淡水、海水和废水）。在包括农业土壤在内的许多陆地环境中，微塑料与生物微污染物共存，其中含有这两种污染物的生物固体经常被用作土壤改良剂。最近的研究表明，这些环境中的微塑料可以增加基因的持久性和流动，这可能对环境微生物群的健康和恢复能力产生意想不到的下游后果。例如，抗生素耐药基因和与微塑料结合的沉默rna分别具有增加耐药性和改变环境细菌基因表达的潜力。本文综述了微塑料和生物微污染物在陆地环境中的来源和途径，以及可能促进远程迁移和持久性的潜在吸收机制。考虑了生物微污染物的新来源，并评估了微塑料在促进生物微污染物的持久性和流动中的作用。最后，建议未来的研究方向是增加对陆地环境中微塑料-生物微污染物复合物命运和运输机制的理解，并更好地为风险管理提供信息。
Microplastics, fragmented plastic particles with a maximum dimension <5 mm, are an emerging contaminant of concern that can also serve as a vector of other chemical and biological contaminants. Compared to chemical contaminants, the potential of microplastics to adsorb biological microcontaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes, small interference RNAs, and pathogenic viruses is not well understood. Many current microplastic studies are based in the aquatic environment (freshwater, seawater, and wastewater), even though the terrestrial environment is considered both an important sink and source of microplastics. Microplastics co-occur with biological microcontaminants in many terrestrial environments including agricultural soils, where biosolids containing both contaminants are often applied as a soil amendment. Recent research suggests that microplastics in these environments can increase gene persistence and flow, which could have unintended downstream consequences for environmental microbiome health and resilience. Antibiotic resistance genes and silencing RNAs bound to microplastics, for example, have the potential to increase resistance and alter gene expression in environmental bacteria, respectively. This review evaluates the sources and pathways of microplastics and biological microcontaminants in the terrestrial environment as well as potential sorption mechanisms that can encourage long-range transport and persistence. Novel sources of biological microcontaminants are considered, and the role of microplastics in promoting the persistence and flow of biological microcontaminants evaluated. Finally, future research directions are suggested to increase understanding of the mechanisms that drive the fate and transport of microplastic–biological microcontaminant complexes in the terrestrial environment and better inform risk management.