Field management effects on soil enzyme activities
Field management effects on soil enzyme activities
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DOI：
10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00051-6
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Dick, RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bandick, AK;Dick, RP
人们日益认识到，需要制定敏感的土壤质量指标，以反映土地管理对土壤的影响，并协助土地管理人员促进陆地生态系统的长期可持续性。11土壤酶测定相对于土壤管理和土壤质量在两个研究地点进行了调查。土壤取样蔬菜作物轮作地块（VRP）（1989年建立在潮湿的西部俄勒冈州），比较连续的羊茅（高羊茅）和四个冬季覆盖作物处理，每年轮换的夏季蔬菜作物。第二个网站是残留物利用地块（RUP）（1931年开始在半干旱的东俄勒冈州），这是根据冬小麦夏休耕和比较无机氮，绿色肥料和牛粪处理。研究中心还从附近的一个草地牧场采集了相同土壤类型的土壤样本。酶是α-和β-葡糖苷酶、α-和β-半乳糖苷酶、酰胺酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脱氨酶、荧光素二乙酸酯水解、转化酶、纤维素酶和尿素酶。在两个位点，对于每种测试的酶都有显著的治疗效果（P < 0.05）。酶的活性（除了α-和β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-和β-半乳糖苷酶）一般高于连续草地比耕地。在种植系统中，活性较高的覆盖作物或有机残留物相比，没有有机改良剂的治疗。结果发现，空气干燥的土壤样品的使用提供了相同的排名的治疗由一些酶测定，并将促进通过这些测定的实际或商业应用。脱氨酶不是一个很好的土壤质量指标，而β-葡萄糖苷酶被建议作为一种检测，反映土壤管理效果，并具有微生物生态学意义，因为它在C循环中的作用。(C)1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.保留所有权利。
There is growing recognition for the need to develop sensitive indicators of soil quality that reflect the effects of land management on soil and assist land managers in promoting long-term sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. Eleven soil enzymes assays were investigated relative to soil management and soil quality at two study sites. Soils were sampled from the Vegetable Crop Rotation Plots (VRP) (established in 1989 in humid western Oregon) which compared continuous fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and four winter cover crop treatments in annual rotation with a summer vegetable crop. The second site was the Residue Utilization Plots (RUP) (initiated in 1931 in semi-arid Eastern Oregon) which is under a winter wheat-summer fallow and compared inorganic N, green manure and beef manure treatments. Soil also was sampled at the research center from a nearby grass pasture that is on the same soil type. The enzymes were alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, amidase, arylsulfatase, deaminase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, invertase, cellulase and urease. At both sites there was a significant treatment effect for each enzyme tested (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities (except alpha- and beta-glucosidase and alpha- and beta-galactosidase) were generally higher in continuous grass fields than in cultivated fields. In cultivated systems, activity was higher where cover crops or organic residues were added as compared to treatments without organic amendments. It was found that use of air-dried soil samples provided the same ranking of treatments by a number of enzyme assays and would facilitate adoption of these assays for practical or commercial applications. Deaminase was not a good indicator of soil quality, while beta-glucosidase was suggested as an assay that reflects soil management effects and has microbial ecological significance because of its role in the C cycle. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.