The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour
The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00088-1
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robbins, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Everitt, BJ;Dickinson, A;Robbins, TW
在这篇综述中提出的论点是，吸毒成瘾可以理解为大脑的正常学习和记忆系统，通过长期自我给药的行动，这种系统被病理性地颠覆，从而导致强制寻求毒品习惯的建立，而与毒品相关的刺激的激励作用强化了这种习惯，并以牺牲其他强化来源为代价。我们回顾了我们的研究中的数据，这些程序揭示了巴甫洛夫刺激对目标定向行为的各种影响，即区分方法、巴甫洛夫到工具的迁移和条件强化，以证明它们的重叠和独特的神经基础。这些基础性研究也是在与毒品相关的环境刺激控制下的寻求毒品行为的神经和心理机制的背景下进行审查的。通过自我给药对边缘皮质-腹侧纹状体系统的可塑性过程的影响，讨论了这种寻求毒品行为变得强迫性和习惯性的方式，以及即使在长时间复发之后也有再次吸毒的倾向。(C)2001爱思唯尔科学公司保留所有权利。
The argument advanced in this review is that drug addiction can be understood in terms of normal learning and memory systems of the brain which, through the actions of chronically self-administered drugs, are pathologically subverted, thereby leading to the establishment of compulsive drug-seeking habits, strengthened by the motivational impact of drug-associated stimuli and occurring at the expense of other sources of reinforcement. We review data from our studies that have utilized procedures which reveal the various influences of pavlovian stimuli on goal-directed behaviour, namely discriminated approach, pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and conditioned reinforcement, in order to demonstrate their overlapping and also unique neural bases. These fundamental studies are also reviewed in the context of the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying drug-seeking behaviour that is under the control of drug-associated environmental stimuli. The ways in which such drug-seeking behaviour becomes compulsive and habitual, as well as the propensity for relapse to drug-seeking even after long periods of relapse, are discussed in terms of the aberrant learning set in train by the effects of self-administered drugs on plastic processes in limbic cortical-ventral striatal systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved.