Time-varying congestion tolling and urban spatial structure
Time-varying congestion tolling and urban spatial structure
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发表时间：
2018-11
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通讯作者：
Yuki Takayama
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作者：
Yuki Takayama
本研究建立了一个模型，在该模型中，异构通勤者在一个瓶颈位于中央商务区（CBD）入口处的单中心城市中选择他们的居住地点和离家时间。利用互补问题的性质对该模型进行了系统的分析。这一分析表明，尽管当通勤者不搬迁时，扩大瓶颈的容量会产生帕累托改善，但它可能导致通勤者之间的利益分配不平衡：居住在离CBD较近的通勤者获益，而居住在离CBD较远的通勤者则损失。此外，我们发现最优时变拥堵收费改变了城市空间结构。然后，我们通过例子证明：(a)如果富裕的通勤者是灵活的，拥堵收费使城市更密集，更紧凑；(b)如果富裕的通勤者高度不灵活，收费会导致城市密度降低，并在空间上扩大；(c)在这两种情况下，征收过路费有利于富裕的通勤者，却伤害了贫穷的通勤者。
This study develops a model in which heterogeneous commuters choose their residential locations and departure times from home in a monocentric city with a bottleneck located at the entrance to the central business district (CBD). We systematically analyze the model by utilizing the properties of complementarity problems. This analysis shows that, although expanding the capacity of the bottleneck generates a Pareto improvement when commuters do not relocate, it can lead to an unbalanced distribution of benefits among commuters: commuters residing closer to the CBD gain and commuters residing farther from the CBD lose. Furthermore, we reveal that an optimal time-varying congestion toll alters the urban spatial structure. We then demonstrate through examples that (a) if rich commuters are flexible, congestion tolling makes cities denser and more compact; (b) if rich commuters are highly inflexible, tolling causes cities to become less dense and to spatially expand; and (c) in both cases, imposing a toll helps rich commuters but hurts poor commuters.