Very early evolution from the perspective of microbial ecology
Very early evolution from the perspective of microbial ecology
复制标题
从微生物生态学的角度来看极早期的进化
DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.16144
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kaçar, Betül
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldman, Aaron D.;Kaçar, Betül
物种生命之树根部的普遍祖先描绘了一群具有惊人复杂性的生物体，拥有与当今微生物生命非常相似的基因组和翻译系统。由于最初的生命形式很可能是简单的复制者，因此在最后一个普遍共同祖先之前一定已经发生了相当大的进化变化。人们通常认为，生命之树上缺乏早期分支是由于随机水平基因转移的普遍存在，这种转移模糊了谱系之间的界限并阻碍了它们的分歧。因此，微生物进化和生态学的原理可以让我们深入了解生命历史的这些早期阶段。在这里，我们从微生物生态学的角度综合了当前对有机体和基因组进化的理解，并将这些进化原理应用于地球上生命的最早阶段。我们特别关注与水平基因转移、泛基因组结构和微生物垫群落相关的广泛进化模式。
The universal ancestor at the root of the species tree of life depicts a population of organisms with a surprising degree of complexity, posessing genomes and translation systems much like that of microbial life today. As the first life forms were most likely to have been simple replicators, considerable evolutionary change must have taken place prior to the last universal common ancestor. It is often assumed that the lack of earlier branches on the tree of life is due to a prevalence of random horizontal gene transfer that obscured the delineations between lineages and hindered their divergence. Therefore, principles of microbial evolution and ecology may give us some insight into these early stages in the history of life. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of organismal and genome evolution from the perspective of microbial ecology and apply these evolutionary principles to the earliest stages of life on Earth. We focus especially on broad evolutionary modes pertaining to horizontal gene transfer, pangenome structure, and microbial mat communities.