Transgenic Strategies for Improved Drought Tolerance in Legumes of Semi-Arid Tropics
Transgenic Strategies for Improved Drought Tolerance in Legumes of Semi-Arid Tropics
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提高半干旱热带豆科植物耐旱性的转基因策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Sharma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bhatnagar;J. Rao;V. Vadez;K. Sharma
缺水是最突出的非生物压力，严重限制了作物产量，从而减少了改善半干旱热带地区贫困农民生计的机会，而大多数豆类，包括花生和鹰嘴豆，都是在那里种植的。通过常规育种开发这些具有更好耐旱性的豆类作物的持续长期努力只取得了有限的成功，主要是因为对潜在的生理机制的理解不足，以及缺乏足够的耐旱性相关性状的多态性。国际半干旱热带作物研究所（半干旱热带作物研究所）正在竭尽全力，通过全面解决水资源限制造成的制约因素，提高半干旱热带作物的产量。转基因方法已被用于加速对快速发展抗逆豆科植物有益基因的分子渐渗过程。然而，产生转基因栽培品种的任务需要在转化过程中的成功和适当的胁迫耐受性纳入植物。因此，在胁迫条件下评估转基因植物并了解插入基因在整个植物水平上的生理效应至关重要。本文综述了近年来利用转基因技术提高植物耐旱性的研究进展，包括干旱胁迫反应的评价和近场条件下转基因植物的检测方法。一个基于性状的方法被认为是，其中产量被分解成组件。产量（Y）定义为蒸腾（T）×蒸腾效率（TE）×收获指数（HI）。
Water deficit is the most prominent abiotic stress that severely limits crop yields, thereby reducing opportunities to improve livelihoods of poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) where most of the legumes, including groundnut and chickpea, are grown. Sustained long-term efforts in developing these legume crops with better drought tolerance through conventional breeding have been met with only limited success mainly because of an insufficient understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms and lack of sufficient polymorphism for drought tolerance-related traits. Exhaustive efforts are being made at the International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) to improve crop productivity of the SAT crops by comprehensively addressing the constraints caused by water limitations. The transgenic approach has been used to speed up the process of molecular introgression of putatively beneficial genes for rapidly developing stress-tolerant legumes. Nevertheless, the task of generating transgenic cultivars requires success in the transformation process and proper incorporation of stress tolerance into plants. Hence, evaluation of the transgenic plants under stress conditions and understanding the physiological effect of the inserted genes at the whole plant level is critical. This review focuses on the recent progress achieved in using transgenic technology to improve drought tolerance, which includes evaluation of drought-stress response and protocols developed for testing transgenic plants under near-field conditions. A trait-based approach was considered, in which yield was dissected into components. Yield (Y) is defined as transpiration (T) x transpiration efficiency (TE) x harvest index (HI).