Cryptic biodiversity loss linked to global climate change
Cryptic biodiversity loss linked to global climate change
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DOI：
10.1038/nclimate1191
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Nowak, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balint, M.;Domisch, S.;Nowak, C.
全球气候变化 (GCC) 显着影响生物体的分布模式(1)，预计未来几十年将对生物多样性产生相当大的影响。推断的影响包括大规模范围向更高海拔和纬度移动(2)、促进生物入侵(3) 和物种灭绝(1,3)。 GCC 引起的生物模式的改变通常是在分类学上公认的形态种的范围内进行预测的 (1)。然而，气候变化对生物多样性最基本层面——种内遗传多样性——的影响仍然难以捉摸(4)。在这里，我们表明，使用基于形态种的海湾合作委员会影响评估将导致低估生物多样性丧失的真实规模。对欧洲九种山地水生昆虫物种的物种分布建模和线粒体 DNA 变异性评估表明，未来范围的缩小将伴随着这些谱系内隐秘进化谱系和遗传多样性的严重丧失。这些损失大大超过了形态种规模的损失。我们还证明，在预测遗传多样性丧失时，范围缩小的程度可能是一个有用的指标。我们的结果表明，在估计气候变化对生物多样性的影响时，应考虑遗传多样性的种内模式。
Global climate change (GCC) significantly affects distributional patterns of organisms(1), and considerable impacts on biodiversity are predicted for the next decades. Inferred effects include large-scale range shifts towards higher altitudes and latitudes(2), facilitation of biological invasions(3) and species extinctions(1,3). Alterations of biotic patterns caused by GCC have usually been predicted on the scale of taxonomically recognized morphospecies(1). However, the effects of climate change at the most fundamental level of biodiversity-intraspecific genetic diversity-remain elusive(4). Here we show that the use of morphospecies-based assessments of GCC effects will result in underestimations of the true scale of biodiversity loss. Species distribution modelling and assessments of mitochondrial DNA variability in nine montane aquatic insect species in Europe indicate that future range contractions will be accompanied by severe losses of cryptic evolutionary lineages and genetic diversity within these lineages. These losses greatly exceed those at the scale of morphospecies. We also document that the extent of range reduction may be a useful proxy when predicting losses of genetic diversity. Our results demonstrate that intraspecific patterns of genetic diversity should be considered when estimating the effects of climate change on biodiversity.