Well-to-wheels life-cycle analysis of alternative fuels and vehicle technologies in China
Well-to-wheels life-cycle analysis of alternative fuels and vehicle technologies in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.038
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Wei Shen;Weijian Han;D. Chock;Q. Chai;A. Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wei Shen;Weijian Han;D. Chock;Q. Chai;A. Zhang
基于为中国收集的数据和制定的估计，对替代燃料和伴随的车辆技术的总能源消耗和温室气体(GHG)排放进行了全面的生命周期分析，2010年为基准年，预计到2020年。被考虑的燃料包括汽油、柴油、天然气、煤炭转化的液体燃料、甲醇、生物乙醇和生物柴油、电力和氢气。与使用传统汽油相比，使用包括甲醇和来自煤炭的费托混合燃料在内的液体燃料将显著增加温室气体排放。由于中国目前的农业实践和植物加工效率很低，使用以淀粉为基础的生物乙醇将产生实质性的碳不利效益。通过混合动力、插电式混合动力(PHEV)和电池电动汽车技术实现汽车的电气化，为降低能源消耗和温室气体排放提供了逐步改善的前景。然而，只有当所需的电力由零碳或低碳来源产生时，长期的碳减排才能得到保证，这意味着碳捕获和储存对于以化石为基础的原料是必要的。在碳限制的世界里，使用零碳或低碳电力和纤维素乙醇的PHEV可能是最具吸引力的燃料汽车选择之一。
A well-to-wheels life cycle analysis on total energy consumptions and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions for alternative fuels and accompanying vehicle technologies has been carried out for the base year 2010 and projected to 2020 based on data gathered and estimates developed for China. The fuels considered include gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquid fuels from coal conversion, methanol, bio-ethanol and biodiesel, electricity and hydrogen. Use of liquid fuels including methanol and Fischer–Tropsch derived from coal will significantly increase GHG emissions relative to use of conventional gasoline. Use of starch-based bio-ethanol will incur a substantial carbon disbenefit because of the present highly inefficient agricultural practice and plant processing in China. Electrification of vehicles via hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) and battery electric vehicle technologies offers a progressively improved prospect for the reduction of energy consumption and GHG emission. However, the long-term carbon emission reduction is assured only when the needed electricity is generated by zero- or low-carbon sources, which means that carbon capture and storage is a necessity for fossil-based feedstocks. A PHEV that runs on zero- or low-carbon electricity and cellulosic ethanol may be one of the most attractive fuel-vehicle options in a carbon-constrained world.