Cerebellum and Cognition: Evidence for the Encoding of Higher Order Rules
Cerebellum and Cognition: Evidence for the Encoding of Higher Order Rules
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhs127
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ramnani, Narender
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balsters, Joshua H.;Whelan, Christopher D.;Ramnani, Narender
越来越多的解剖学和功能证据表明，小脑分别处理来自初级运动皮层和前额叶皮层的运动和非运动信息。然而，小脑是否只处理规则指定动作的前额叶信息，或者小脑是否处理任何形式的前额叶信息，无论多么抽象，目前还没有确定。使用功能性磁共振成像，我们区分了两种相互竞争的假设：(1)在前额叶突出的小脑小叶（Crus I和II）内的活动只会被指定动作的规则（即一阶规则；任意SR映射）所激发；(2)在这些小脑小叶中，活动将被一阶规则和控制低阶规则应用的二阶规则所激发。结果表明，在处理一阶和二阶规则时，前额叶突出的小脑1和2小叶通常被激活。我们首次证明了小脑回路同时参与一级和二级规则，并在此过程中表明小脑可以独立于运动控制参与认知控制。
Converging anatomical and functional evidence suggests that the cerebellum processes both motor and nonmotor information originating from the primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex, respectively. However, it has not been established whether the cerebellum only processes prefrontal information where rules specify actions or whether the cerebellum processes any form of prefrontal information no matter how abstract. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we distinguish between two competing hypotheses: (1) activity within prefrontal-projecting cerebellar lobules (Crus I and II) will only be evoked by rules that specify action (i.e. first-order rules; arbitrary SR mappings) and (2) activity will be evoked in these lobules by both first-order rules and second-order rules that govern the application of lower order rules. The results showed that prefrontal-projecting cerebellar lobules Crus I and II were commonly activated by processing both first- and second-order rules. We demonstrate for the first time that cerebellar circuits engage both first- and second-order rules and in doing so show that the cerebellum can contribute to cognitive control independent of motor control.