Reinventing foreign aid
Reinventing foreign aid
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重塑对外援助
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
William Easterly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
William Easterly
发展中国家减少贫困的紧迫性一直是乔治克鲁尼、艾丽西亚凯斯、埃尔顿约翰、安吉丽娜朱莉和波诺等不太可能的政策专家发起的公共运动的主题。然而，伴随着要求更多外国援助的呼声，人们对现有援助体系的有效性几乎普遍感到不满。在《重塑对外援助》一书中，发展问题专家威廉·伊斯特利召集了该领域的顶尖学者，讨论如何改善对外援助。伊斯特利指出，这些作者并没有声称他们的思想将（引用一个当前的口号）使贫困成为历史。相反，他们采取具体的问题，并提出一些务实的解决方案。伊斯特利本人在一个篇幅广阔、充满激情的导言章节中，认为“探索者”（通过试错探索解决方案，并从反馈中学习）比“规划者”（为一个大目标投入无尽的资源）更有可能减少贫困。其他作者着眼于对援助项目（包括随机试验）的科学评估，并描述了被发现具有成本效益的项目，包括疫苗提供和艾滋病毒教育;考虑如何与受援国政府打交道（通过它或绕过可能功能失调的政府？）;研究国际货币基金组织（事实上的援助提供者）和世界银行的作用;分析一些新的和创新的援助分配建议。
The urgency of reducing poverty in the developing world has been the subject of a public campaign by such unlikely policy experts as George Clooney, Alicia Keyes, Elton John, Angelina Jolie, and Bono. And yet accompanying the call for more foreign aid is an almost universal discontent with the effectiveness of the existing aid system. In Reinventing Foreign Aid, development expert William Easterly has gathered top scholars in the field to discuss how to improve foreign aid. These authors, Easterly points out, are not claiming that their ideas will (to invoke a current slogan) Make Poverty History. Rather, they take on specific problems and propose some hard-headed solutions. Easterly himself, in an expansive and impassioned introductory chapter, makes a case for the "searchers"—who explore solutions by trial and error and learn from feedback—over the "planners"—who throw an endless supply of resources at a big goal—as the most likely to reduce poverty. Other writers look at scientific evaluation of aid projects (including randomized trials) and describe projects found to be cost-effective, including vaccine delivery and HIV education; consider how to deal with the government of the recipient state (work through it or bypass a possibly dysfunctional government?); examine the roles of the International Monetary Fund (a de facto aid provider) and the World Bank; and analyze some new and innovative proposals for distributing aid.