Response of past and present Mediterranean ecosystems to environmental change
Response of past and present Mediterranean ecosystems to environmental change
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过去和现在的地中海生态系统对环境变化的响应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
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通讯作者：
H. Allen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Allen
地中海生态系统拥有地球上植物多样性水平最高的一些区域，被认为是受全球变暖影响风险最大的区域之一。然而，这种生态系统并不是一成不变的，它们对各种规模的环境变化和各种原因，特别是气候和人为原因作出了反应。本文对环境变化与生态系统响应的研究现状进行了综述。长期记录可用于分析冰川-间冰期周期的变化，而高分辨率记录显示了地中海、北大西洋和格陵兰记录的敏感性和耦合。关于全新世，关于人为活动的相对影响的争论仍在继续，但也越来越多地认识到，地中海类型的生态系统不应被视为脆弱、退化的地貌，而应是适应干扰的。然而，保护措施面临着来自当代气候变化和人类压力的越来越多的挑战。无论是在冰川时代还是为了现在的保护目的，对避难区识别的一些见解来自对过去动植物分布的分子生物地理研究。
Mediterranean ecosystems contain some of the highest levels of plant diversity of any region on Earth and are amongst those believed to be most at risk from the consequences of global warming. Yet such ecosystems are not static and have responded to environmental changes at a variety of scales and from a variety of causes, particularly climatic and anthropogenic. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research on environmental change and ecosystem response. Long-term records are available to analyse changes over glacial-interglacial cycles, while high resolution records show the sensitivity and coupling of Mediterranean, North Atlantic and Greenland records. For the Holocene, there is continued debate about the relative impact of anthropogenic activity, but there is also increasing recognition that mediterranean-type ecosystems should not be regarded as fragile, degraded landscapes, but are disturbance- adapted. Nevertheless, conservation measures face increasing challenges from contemporary climate change and human pressures. Some insights into the identification of refugial areas, either in glacial times or for present-day conservation purposes, come from molecular Biogeographical studies of past faunal and floral distribution.