Selecting among competing models of talker adaptation: Attention, cognition, and memory in speech processing efficiency
Selecting among competing models of talker adaptation: Attention, cognition, and memory in speech processing efficiency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104393
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Perrachione, Tyler K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kapadia, Alexandra M.;Perrachione, Tyler K.
说话者之间的语音差异在语音感知过程中强加了额外的处理成本，通常通过单一说话者和混合说话者之间的性能下降来衡量。然而，对于适应更大的语音可变性(即，更多的说话者)是否会施加更大的处理成本，模型的预测有所不同。我们在一项快速单词识别任务中测量了语音处理效率，在这项任务中，我们操纵了听话者(1、2、4、8或16)的数量。与单一说话者相比，在每种混合说话者的条件下，单词识别的效率较低，但这种性能下降的幅度不受说话者数量的影响。此外，在两个说话者之间转移概率相同的条件下，与说话者转换时的实验相比，当说话者与先前的试验相同时，单词识别效率更高。这些结果支持说话者适应的听觉流传输模型，在该模型中，与改变说话者相关的处理成本是注意力重新定向的结果。
Phonetic variability across talkers imposes additional processing costs during speech perception, often measured by performance decrements between single- and mixed-talker conditions. However, models differ in their predictions about whether accommodating greater phonetic variability (i.e., more talkers) imposes greater processing costs. We measured speech processing efficiency in a speeded word identification task, in which we manipulated the number of talkers (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16) listeners heard. Word identification was less efficient in every mixed-talker condition compared to the single-talker condition, but the magnitude of this performance decrement was not affected by the number of talkers. Furthermore, in a condition with uniform transition probabilities between two talkers, word identification was more efficient when the talker was the same as the prior trial compared to trials when the talker switched. These results support an auditory streaming model of talker adaptation, where processing costs associated with changing talkers result from attentional reorientation.