The Food, Fuel, and Financial Crises Affect the Urban and Rural Poor Disproportionately: A Review of the Evidence
The Food, Fuel, and Financial Crises Affect the Urban and Rural Poor Disproportionately: A Review of the Evidence
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.109.110791
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Cohen, Marc J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruel, Marie T.;Garrett, James L.;Cohen, Marc J.
城市贫民易受最近粮食和燃料价格危机的影响，这一点已得到广泛承认。正在发生的全球金融危机导致失业率和就业不足率上升，可能会进一步加剧这种脆弱性。本文回顾了有关城市穷人与农村穷人相比对这些类型的冲击的脆弱性不成比例的证据。报告审查了城市生活的一些独特特点，这些特点可能使城市穷人特别容易受到价格和金融冲击的影响，并总结了城市穷人特别脆弱的证据。重点是对贫困、粮食不安全和营养不良的影响。审查表明，虽然城市穷人显然是受当前（和以往）危机影响最大的人口群体之一，但农村穷人、无土地者和净购买者在不遭受重大痛苦的情况下也同样无法更好地应对危机。穷人中的最穷者将受到最大的影响，无论他们生活在哪个大陆、哪个国家、哪个城市或农村地区。他们所受痛苦的程度和严重性取决于他们的适应能力以及他们所采取的应对策略的具体性质、范围和持续时间。更好地了解这些应对策略是如何使用和交错使用的，对于帮助设计行动触发器至关重要，这些触发器可以防止家庭采取更绝望的措施。使用这些早期应对策略作为早期预警指标，可以帮助防止福利的巨大损失。J.营养140：170S-176S，2010.
The vulnerability of the urban poor to the recent food and fuel price crisis has been widely acknowledged. The unfolding global financial crisis, which brings higher unemployment and underemployment, is likely to further intensify this vulnerability. This paper reviews the evidence concerning the disproportionate vulnerability of the urban compared with the rural poor to these types of shocks. It reviews some of the unique characteristics of urban life that could make the urban poor particularly susceptible to price and financial shocks and summarizes the evidence regarding the disproportionate vulnerability of the urban poor. The focus is on impacts on poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition. The review shows that although the urban poor are clearly one of the population groups most affected by the current (and previous) crises, the rural poor, landless, and net buyers are in no better position to confront the crisis without significant suffering. The poorest of the poor are the ones who will be most affected, irrespective of the continent, country, or urban or rural area where they live. The magnitude and severity of their suffering depends on their ability to adapt and on the specific nature, extent, and duration of the coping strategies they adopt. A better understanding of how these coping strategies are used and staggered is critical to help design triggers for action that can prevent households from moving to more desperate measures. Using these early coping strategies as early warning indicators could help prevent dramatic losses in welfare. J. Nutr. 140: 170S-176S, 2010.