The Effects of Valence and Arousal on the Emotional Modulation of Time Perception: Evidence for Multiple Stages of Processing
The Effects of Valence and Arousal on the Emotional Modulation of Time Perception: Evidence for Multiple Stages of Processing
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026145
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Crease, Michelle L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Stephen D.;McIver, Theresa A.;Crease, Michelle L.
以往的研究表明，情绪效价和唤醒都可以影响时间的主观体验。目前的研究通过以下方式扩展了这项工作：（1）确定这种时间感知的情绪调节发生的速度;（2）检查效价和唤醒是否在感知的不同阶段具有不同的影响。这些问题是使用时间二分法任务解决的。在这项任务的每个模块中，参与者都被训练区分两种不同的暴露时间。然后向参与者展示在两个学习时间之间的多个持续时间处呈现的刺激，并要求参与者指出测试刺激在持续时间上是否更接近于较短或较长的学习项目。在目前的研究中，参与者完成了持续时间为“短”（100-300 ms）或“长”（400-1600 ms）的试验区组。刺激包括中性照片以及四类情绪图像：高唤醒消极，高唤醒积极，低唤醒消极，低唤醒积极。在短块中，唤醒和非唤醒负面图像被判断为比实际显示的持续时间更短（即，在长时间组中，高度唤起的负性项目的显示时间被高估，而高度唤起的正性项目和较少唤起的负性项目的显示时间被低估。这些数据表明，唤醒和效价有不同的影响，在不同的感知阶段，可能是由于不同的神经结构参与在每个阶段的情绪调节的时间知觉。
Previous research has demonstrated that both emotional valence and arousal can influence the subjective experience of time. The current research extends this work by (1) identifying how quickly this emotional modulation of time perception can occur and (2) examining whether valence and arousal have different effects at different stages of perception. These questions were addressed using a temporal bisection task. In each block of this task, participants are trained to distinguish between two different exposure durations. Participants are then shown stimuli presented at a number of durations that fall between the two learned times, and are asked to indicate whether the test stimulus was closer in duration to the shorter or longer learned item. In the current study, participants completed blocks of trials in which the durations were "Short" (100-300 ms) or "Long" (400-1600 ms). Stimuli consisted of neutral photographs as well as four categories of emotional images: high-arousal negative, high-arousal positive, low-arousal negative, and low-arousal positive. In Short blocks, arousing and nonarousing negative images were judged to have been shown for shorter durations than they actually were (i.e., the duration was underestimated); this effect occurred at durations as brief as 133 ms. In Long blocks, the display time for highly arousing negative items was overestimated, whereas durations were underestimated for highly arousing positive items and less arousing negative items. These data suggest that arousal and valence have different effects at different stages of perception, possibly due to the different neural structures involved at each stage of the emotional modulation of time perception.