'Lost and found': some logical and methodological limitations of self-report questionnaires as tools to study cognitive ageing.
'Lost and found': some logical and methodological limitations of self-report questionnaires as tools to study cognitive ageing.
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“失而复得”：自我报告问卷作为研究认知衰老工具的一些逻辑和方法上的局限性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
V. Abson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Rabbitt;V. Abson
实验室测试显示，记忆效率随着年龄的增长而下降，但这可能并不能反映出日常记忆技能的高度训练。自评问卷调查了日常生活中的记忆效率，但七个逻辑和方法上的问题使他们得出的数据的解释模糊不清。为了探讨这些问题，442名年龄在50至85岁之间的志愿者接受了AH 4智商测试、米尔希尔词汇测试、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、Broadbent认知失败问卷（CFQ）、Sunderland & Harris记忆失败问卷（MFQ）、“失物招领”问卷（LF，一种针对失物种类、频率和原因的新领域调查）和两项实验室记忆测试。各自评问卷得分之间存在适度相关。与直觉相反，60岁以上的人在LF和CFQ上的失误更少。SRQ分数与实验室任务的表现没有相关性。CFQ得分与智商测试得分无关，但智商测试得分高的人近期记忆效率（MFQ）下降幅度更大，当前失忆频率（LF）更高。CFQ和LF得分与贝克抑郁量表得分呈正相关，表明存在一些常见的自我关注不良负荷。结果表明，主观自我评价不能反映日常能力的绝对水平，而只能反映个人适应特殊环境的相对成功程度。随着年龄的增长，这种环境的变化可能比他们的能力变化得更快。然而，除了暴露自我报告技术的局限性外，这些分析还提出了适应和使用srq的实用方法，这可能使我们更好地了解日常生活中功能效率的变化和个体差异。
Laboratory tests show a decline in memory efficiency with age, but may not reflect highly practiced everyday memory skills. Self-rating questionnaires probe memory efficiency in everyday life, but seven logical and methodological problems ambiguate interpretation of the data they yield. To explore these problems, 442 volunteers aged from 50 to 85 years were given the AH 4 IQ tests, Mill Hill Vocabulary Tests, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Broadbent Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Sunderland & Harris Memory Failure Questionnaire (MFQ), the 'Lost and Found' Questionnaire (LF, a new domain-specific probe of the variety, frequency and aetiologies of losses of possessions) and two laboratory memory tests. All self-rating questionnaire scores correlated modestly with each other. Counter-intuitively, individuals over 60 years old reported fewer lapses on the LF and on the CFQ. No SRQ scores correlated with performance on laboratory tasks. CFQ scores did not correlate with IQ test scores but high IQ test scorers reported greater recent decline in memory efficiency (MFQ) and greater current frequency of losses of objects (LF). CFQ and LF scores correlated positively with Beck Depression Inventory scores, suggesting some common loading for poor self-regard. The results suggest that subjective self-ratings cannot reflect absolute levels of everyday competence, but only the relative success of individuals' adaptations to idiosyncratic environments which, as they age, may change faster than their abilities. However, besides exposing the limitations of self-report techniques, these analyses also suggest practical ways of adapting and using SRQs which may allow us to gain better insights into changes and individual differences in functional efficiency in everyday life.