Gender and Age Factors in Tsunami Casualties
Gender and Age Factors in Tsunami Casualties
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海啸伤亡中的性别和年龄因素
DOI：
10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2010)11:1(29
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
H. Yeh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Yeh
海啸伤亡模型是根据一个人是否能在海啸流中保持站立的标准开发的。利用人体测量数据建立了一个简化的人体模型。通过将该模型应用于由完全非线性浅水波理论解析解生成的海啸淹没预测，我们定量地证明，当海啸轻微显著时，性别和年龄的死亡人数差异最为明显；强烈的海啸几乎不分青红皂白地消灭了人口。这一趋势与一些实地观察结果相一致。在沿海社区规划海啸防备时，考虑性别和年龄因素是很重要的。由于伤亡模型的开发完全基于物理机制，因此模型结果可用于从现场数据中删除物理原因，从而允许进一步调查社会和行为因素。
A tsunami casualty model is developed with criteria based on whether a person can remain standing within tsunami flow. A simplified model of a human body is made using anthropometric data. By applying the model to tsunami inundation predictions generated by analytic solution of fully nonlinear shallow-water wave theory, we demonstrate quantitatively that differences in gender and age fatalities are most pronounced when a tsunami is marginally significant; strong tsunamis wipe out population almost indiscriminately. This trend is consistent with some of the field observations. It is important to consider gender and age factors when a coastal community plans for tsunami preparedness. Because the development of the casualty model is based solely on physical mechanisms, the model results can be used to remove physical causes from field data, which then allows for further investigation of social and behavioral factors.