Formation of a fringe: A look inside baleen morphology using a multimodal visual approach
Formation of a fringe: A look inside baleen morphology using a multimodal visual approach
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21574
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Megan L. Vandenberg;K. Cohen;Robert D. Rubin;J. Goldbogen;A. Summers;E. Paig‐Tran;S. Kahane‐Rapport
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Megan L. Vandenberg;K. Cohen;Robert D. Rubin;J. Goldbogen;A. Summers;E. Paig‐Tran;S. Kahane‐Rapport
滤食已经存在了数亿年，在水生脊椎动物中独立进化了无数次。神秘鲸是一群巨大的海洋滤食性动物，由它们的须须来定义，分为两类：须须鲸和须须鲸。最近的研究表明，balaenids可能使用自清洁、横流过滤机制进食，食物颗粒被收集起来，然后被扫到食道吞咽。然而，目前尚不清楚滤除是如何在蚁群（Balaenopteridae）中实现的。猛冲的须鲸能吞下大量的猎物和水；然后，猎物通过沿上颚长度排列并垂直于水流的鲸须板与水分离。鲸须由大的（较大的）和小的（较小的）角蛋白板组成，其中嵌入的边缘延伸到鲸鱼的嘴里，形成过滤边缘。我们使用了多模态方法，包括微计算机断层扫描（µCT）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），来可视化和描述跨越体长两个数量级的五种鲸鱼的须鲸解剖变异性。对于大多数形态测量，较大的鲸鱼表现出相对于体长的低异速测量。微CT和扫描电镜显示，主板和小板在不同距离上从矿化边缘脱离。我们提出了一个估算有效孔隙大小的模型，以确定流量是否随身体长度或猎物大小而变化。我们发现孔隙大小可能不是猎物大小的代表，相反，它可能反映了通过过滤器影响流体流动的阻力变化。
Filter‐feeding has been present for hundreds of millions of years, independently evolving in aquatic vertebrates' numerous times. Mysticete whales are a group of gigantic, marine filter‐feeders that are defined by their fringed baleen and are divided into two groups: balaenids and rorquals. Recent studies have shown that balaenids likely feed using a self‐cleaning, cross‐flow filtration mechanism where food particles are collected and then swept to the esophagus for swallowing. However, it is unclear how filtering is achieved in the rorquals (Balaenopteridae). Lunging rorqual whales engulf enormous masses of both prey and water; the prey is then separated from the water through baleen plates lining the length of their upper jaw and positioned perpendicular to flow. Rorqual baleen is composed of both major (larger) and minor (smaller) keratin plates containing embedded fringe that extends into the whale's mouth, forming a filtering fringe. We used a multimodal approach, including microcomputed tomography (µCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to visualize and describe the variability in baleen anatomy across five species of rorqual whales, spanning two orders of magnitude in body length. For most morphological measurements, larger whales exhibited hypoallometry relative to body length. µCT and SEM revealed that the major and minor plates break away from the mineralized fringes at variable distances from the gums. We proposed a model for estimating the effective pore size to determine whether flow scales with body length or prey size across species. We found that pore size is likely not a proxy for prey size but instead, may reflect changes in resistance through the filter that affect fluid flow.