Social object play among young Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Arashiyama, Japan
Social object play among young Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Arashiyama, Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s10329-006-0187-7
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Shimada, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimada, Masaki
2000 年 7 月至 10 月，采用改良序列抽样方法对岚山 E 群的幼年日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata；0-4 岁）进行了社交物品游戏（SOP），即使用便携式物品的社交游戏。SOP 对于大多数幼年猕猴来说是一种相对常见的活动，并且经常持续很长时间。参赛者使用了多种物品，包括可食用的天然物品和塑料瓶等人造物品，但他们在SOP比赛中从未使用过供应的食物或野果。对长回合（>= 0.5 分钟）的分析揭示了以下交互式 SOP 特征：（1）在任何给定时间，参与者仅使用一个物体，并且只有一个参与者持有该物体； (2)在SOP追逐游戏中，持有物体的人很可能被其他人追赶； (3)在长时间的比赛中，物品易手频繁； (4)幼年猕猴之间对某个物体的竞争性竞争很少见。对象持有者和非持有者的性别、年龄、相对等级或母系的组合并不影响持有者在追逐游戏中被非持有者追逐的倾向。即使物体持有者发生变化，这种交互模式的重复性，即持有者在 SOP 回合中会被追逐，也将 SOP 结构与其他类型的没有物体的社交游戏的结构区分开来。一般的近似社交游戏机制，例如自我设限或角色扮演，与 SOP 相关。影响SOP的其他机制包括以下内容：（1）幼年猕猴在游戏竞争中将物体视为目标，（2）“成为目标物体的持有者”与“被追逐者的角色”相关联。
Social object play (SOP), i.e., social play using portable object(s), among young Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata; 0-4 years old) in the Arashiyama E troop was studied using a modified sequence sampling method from July to October 2000. SOP was a relatively common activity for most of the young macaques and often continued for long periods. Participants used many kinds of object, including edible natural objects and artificial objects, such as plastic bottles, but they never used provisioned food or wild fruit in SOP bouts. An analysis of long bouts (>= 0.5 min) revealed the following interactive SOP features: (1) at any given time, participants used only one object, and only one participant held the object; (2) during SOP play-chasing, the object holder was likely to be chased by others; (3) during long bouts, the object changed hands frequently; and (4) agonistic competition for an object among young macaques was rare. Combinations of sexes, ages, relative ranks, or matrilines of the object holder and non-holder did not affect the tendency that the holder was chased by non-holders during play-chasing. Even when there was a change in object holders, the repetitiveness of this interactive pattern, i.e., that the holder would be chased during SOP bouts, distinguished the SOP structure from that of other types of social play without object(s). General proximate social play mechanisms, such as self-handicapping or role taking, were associated with SOP. Other mechanisms that affected SOP included the following: (1) young macaques treated an object as a target in play competition, and (2) 'being the holder of a target object' was associated with the 'role of the chasee'.