Magma accumulation at depths of prior rhyolite storage beneath Yellowstone Caldera
Magma accumulation at depths of prior rhyolite storage beneath Yellowstone Caldera
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DOI：
10.1126/science.ade0347
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
R. Maguire;B. Schmandt;Jiaqi Li;Chengxin Jiang;Guoliang Li;J. Wilgus;Min Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Maguire;B. Schmandt;Jiaqi Li;Chengxin Jiang;Guoliang Li;J. Wilgus;Min Chen
地震层析成像为黄石公园的地壳岩浆系统提供了关键的见解，包括试图了解地下的熔体分布和火山生命周期的当前阶段。我们提出了新的断层图像的剪切波速度的黄石岩浆系统的基础上，全波形反演的环境噪声的相关性，这说明剪切波速度降低了30%以上与黄石公园的火山岩浆水库。最慢的地震波速度（剪切波速度小于每秒2.3公里）出现在3至8公里的深度，与岩石学估计的喷发流纹岩体的组装深度重叠。假设黄石公园的岩浆系统是一个广泛分布的熔体晶体糊状物，我们估计部分熔融分数为16%至20%。黄石公园是一座活跃的超级火山，下次喷发时将造成大规模破坏。Maguire等人使用全波形地震成像来绘制火山下融化的位置和数量（见库珀的《透视》）。他们发现，最大的融化量大致在以前喷发的深度范围内。然而，融化的量远远低于在不久的将来大规模喷发所需的量。如果情况开始急剧变化，对地下的持续监测应该能提供一个清晰的画面。-BG地震成像显示，在黄石公园喷发之前的深度范围内，融化部分高达20%。
Seismic tomography has provided key insight into Yellowstone’s crustal magmatic system that includes attempts to understand the melt distribution in the subsurface and the current stage of the volcano’s life cycle. We present new tomographic images of the shear wave speed of the Yellowstone magmatic system based on full waveform inversion of ambient noise correlations, which illuminates shear wave speed reductions of greater than 30% associated with Yellowstone’s silicic magma reservoir. The slowest seismic wave speeds (shear wave speed less than 2.3 kilometers per second) are present at depths between 3 and 8 kilometers, overlapping with petrological estimates of the assembly depth of erupted rhyolite bodies. Assuming that Yellowstone’s magmatic system is a crystal mush with broadly distributed melt, we estimate a partial melt fraction of 16 to 20%. Description Picturing Yellowstone’s plumbing Yellowstone is an active supervolcano that will cause mass destruction when it next erupts. Maguire et al. use full waveform seismic imaging to map the location and amount of melt under the volcano (see the Perspective by Cooper). They find the largest amount of melt is roughly in the depth range where previous eruptions were sourced. However, the amount of melt is much lower than required for a massive eruption anytime in the near future. Continued monitoring of the subsurface should provide a clear picture if the situation begins to dramatically change. —BG Seismic imaging shows a melt fraction of up to 20% in the depth range that supplied prior Yellowstone eruptions.