'Come into the Army, Maud': Women, Military Conscription, and the Markham Inquiry
'Come into the Army, Maud': Women, Military Conscription, and the Markham Inquiry
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“莫德，参军吧”：女性、征兵和万锦调查
DOI：
10.1080/14702430802252537
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crang J
在第二次世界大战期间，约有60万名妇女被招募到三个英国妇女辅助服务部门：辅助领土服务（ATS），妇女辅助空军（WAAF）和妇女皇家海军服务（WRNS）。这些组织执行了一系列非战斗功能，以支持陆军，皇家空军（RAF）和皇家海军，无论是在国内还是海外。工作的种类从厨师、职员、话务员等“女性化”的角色，到机械师、装甲工人和防空仪器操作员等“男性化”的角色。在战争初期，这些服务依靠志愿者来填补队伍。然而，在1941年，政府决定将征兵制扩大到女性，这是英国历史上第一次女性成为义务兵役的对象。本文追溯了这一重大决定的起源，并调查了马卡姆调查委员会对服役妇女福利状况和从征兵问题演变而来的道德行为的工作。
During World War II some 600,000 women were recruited into the three British women’s auxiliary services: the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS), the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) and the Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS). These organisations performed a range of noncombatant functions in support of the Army, Royal Air Force (RAF) and Royal Navy, both at home and overseas. The categories of work ranged from such ‘feminine’roles as cook, clerk, and telephonist, to more ‘masculine’duties, such as mechanic, armourer, and anti-aircraft instrument operator. 2In the early period of the war these services depended on volunteers to fill the ranks. However, in 1941 the government decided to extend conscription to women and for the first time in British history they became subject to compulsory military service. 3 This article traces the origins of that momentous decision and also surveys the work of the Markham committee of inquiry into servicewomen’s welfare conditions and moral behaviour that evolved out of the conscription question.