Tracking Declines in Mercury Exposure in the New York City Adult Population, 2004-2014.
Tracking Declines in Mercury Exposure in the New York City Adult Population, 2004-2014.
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追踪 2004 年至 2014 年纽约市成人汞暴露量的下降情况。
DOI：
10.1007/s11524-018-0269-z
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Perlman,SharonE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McKelvey,Wendy;Alex,Byron;Chernov,Claudia;Hore,Paromita;Palmer,ChristopherD;Steuerwald,AmyJ;Parsons,PatrickJ;Perlman,SharonE
汞是一种有毒金属，可以在人体血液和尿液中检测到。从2004年开始，以人口为基础的生物监测指导了纽约市（NYC）卫生和心理卫生部（DOHMH）的工作，通过教育公众关于食用鱼类的风险和益处（这是普通人群的主要暴露源）以及从市场上清除含汞的美白霜和其他消费品来减少暴露。我们通过比较血液中测得的汞浓度，描述了过去十年中与这些地方公共卫生行动有关的暴露变化，以及在国家变化的背景下的暴露变化（1201份标本）和尿液（1408个样本）来自纽约市健康和营养检查调查（NYC HANES）2013-2014年的测量结果来自NYC HANES 2004年和国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）2003-2004和2013-2014。我们发现，纽约市成人血液和尿液中汞浓度的几何平均值分别下降了46%和45%。血汞浓度≥ 5 μg/L（纽约州可报告水平）的成年纽约人从24.8%（95% CL = 22.2%，27.7%）下降至12.0%（95% CL = 10.1%，14.3%）。纽约市血汞的下降幅度大于全国的下降幅度，而尿汞的下降幅度相似。与2004年一样，亚裔纽约人的血汞浓度高于其他种族/族裔群体。在所有社会人口学群体中，东亚或东南亚出生的外国成年人的可报告水平患病率最高（29.7%; 95%CL = 21.0%，40.1%），亚洲人通常是最频繁的鱼类消费者，在过去一个月内平均食用11次鱼粉，而其他群体为7次（p< 0.001）。鱼的消费模式随着时间的推移是相似的，纽约市的鱼消费频率仍然高于全国（24.7%的纽约市成年人在过去30天内吃了10次或更多次鱼，而全国为14.7%，p< 0.001）。研究结果与血液汞含量下降的假设一致，部分原因是地方和国家努力促进低汞鱼类的消费。纽约市当地的努力可能加速了风险暴露的减少。在五颗或更多牙齿上有“银色填充物”与尿汞的最高第95百分位数相关（4.06微克/升; 95% CL = 3.1，5.9）。估计有5.5%的成年人（95% CL = 4.3%，7.0%）报告在过去30天内使用了美白霜，但几乎没有证据表明使用与2013-14年尿汞升高有关。
Mercury is a toxic metal that can be measured in human blood and urine. Population-based biomonitoring from 2004 guided New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) efforts to reduce exposures by educating the public about risks and benefits of fish consumption—a predominant source of exposure in the general population—and removing mercury-containing skin-lightening creams and other consumer products from the marketplace. We describe changes in exposures over the past decade in relation to these local public health actions and in the context of national changes by comparing mercury concentrations measured in blood (1201 specimens) and urine (1408 specimens) from the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) 2013–2014 with measurements from NYC HANES 2004 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2004 and 2013–2014. We found that NYC adult blood and urine geometric mean mercury concentrations decreased 46% and 45%, respectively. Adult New Yorkers with blood mercury concentration ≥ 5 μg/L (the New York State reportable level) declined from 24.8% (95% CL = 22.2%, 27.7%) to 12.0% (95% CL = 10.1%, 14.3%). The decline in blood mercury in NYC was greater than the national decline, while the decline in urine mercury was similar. As in 2004, Asian New Yorkers had higher blood mercury concentrations than other racial/ethnic groups. Foreign-born adults of East or Southeast Asian origin had the highest prevalence of reportable levels (29.7%; 95% CL = 21.0%, 40.1%) across sociodemographic groups, and Asians generally were the most frequent fish consumers, eating on average 11 fish meals in the past month compared with 7 among other groups (p< 0.001). Fish consumption patterns were similar over time, and fish continues to be consumed more frequently in NYC than nationwide (24.7% of NYC adults ate fish ten or more times in the past 30 days vs. 14.7% nationally,p< 0.001). The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that blood mercury levels have declined in part because of local and national efforts to promote consumption of lower mercury fish. Local NYC efforts may have accelerated the reduction in exposure. Having “silver-colored fillings” on five or more teeth was associated with the highest 95th percentile for urine mercury (4.06 μg/L; 95% CL = 3.1, 5.9). An estimated 5.5% of the adult population (95% CL = 4.3%, 7.0%) reported using a skin-lightening cream in the past 30 days, but there was little evidence that use was associated with elevated urine mercury in 2013–14.