THE SEAWEED INDUSTRY IN SABAH, EAST MALAYSIA
THE SEAWEED INDUSTRY IN SABAH, EAST MALAYSIA
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东马沙巴的海藻产业
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Ariff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ahemad Sade;Ismail Ali;M. Ariff
海藻种植自 1978 年开始引入沙巴，并日益成为马来西亚（尤其是沙巴）经济上重要的自然资源。众所周知，它具有与可可和棕榈油等其他商品类似甚至更好的广泛应用潜力。两个重要的海藻产业已经启动并正在以温和的速度发展。这些是海藻种植或养殖以及从海藻生产半精制卡拉胶。除了专注于农村人民社会经济发展的政府机构外，仙本那还有当地私营公司大规模从事海藻加工和种植。沙巴已广泛实践和建立了三种海藻养殖方法，即筏系统（MKII）、木桩系统和长线系统。长线系统正在广泛应用，大约 95% 的海藻养殖者采用这种方法。这是因为与其他系统相比，长线系统更经济且实际上更易于操作。卡帕藻 (Kappaphycus alverazii) 是沙巴州最常见且广泛养殖的品种，仅次于小比例的刺鳅 (Euchema spinosom)。沙巴是马来西亚唯一的海藻生产国。 2002年的国内生产总值为211亿6000万令吉，其中渔业部门占国内生产总值的3.2%。 2002年干海藻的总产量为2,562.49吨，批发总价值约为440万令吉。 2002 年沙巴干海藻出口总量为 1,750 公吨，价值为 1,400 万令吉。 2002年生产的干海藻大部分出口到英国（65.5%）、智利（13.0%）、韩国（8.0%）、日本（6.0%）和其他国家（7.5%）。本文将讨论沙巴尤其是马来西亚海藻产业面临的主要问题和挑战。已实施的重大计划旨在提高沙巴的海藻产量，随后也将重点关注满足马来西亚 2010 年海藻的预计产量。
关键词：海藻养殖、社会经济发展、筏式制度、桩式制度、长期制度
Seaweed cultivation was introduced in Sabah since 1978 and has increasingly become an economically important natural resource for Malaysia, particularly for Sabah. It was known to have wide application potentials similar or even better than other commodity such as cocoa and palm oil. Two significant seaweed-based industries had started and are developing at a moderate pace. These are seaweed cultivation or farming and the production of semi refined carragenan from seaweed. Beside the government agencies focusing on socio-economy development for rural peoples, there are private local companies venturing in seaweed processing and cultivation at larger scale in Semporna. Three methods of seaweed cultivation have been widely practiced and established in Sabah namely, raft system (MKII), stake system and long line system. The long line system is being widely practiced with approximately 95% of seaweed farmers employing this method. This was due to the facts that the long line system is more economical and practically easy to handle compared to other system. Kappaphycus alverazii is the most common species and widely farmed in Sabah beside Euchema spinosom in small percentage. Sabah is the sole producer for seaweed in Malaysia. GDP in year 2002 was RM21.16 Billion whereby fisheries sector contributed 3.2% of the total GDP. Total production of dried seaweed in 2002 was 2,562.49 MT with the total wholesale value approximately RM 4.4 million. Total export for dried seaweed from Sabah in 2002 was 1,750 MT by weight and RM14 million by value. Most of dried seaweed production in 2002 exported to the United Kingdom (65.5%), Chile (13.0%), Korea (8.0%), Japan (6.0%) and other countries (7.5%). The main issues and challenges facing the seaweed industry in Sabah in particular and in Malaysia in general will be discussed in this paper. Major programmes are in placed to boost the seaweed production in Sabah, subsequently to meet projected production of seaweed in Malaysia in the year 2010 also will be highlighted.
Keywords: Seaweed cultivation, socio-economy development, raft system, stake system, and longtime system