Cognitive factors in auditory performance: context, speed of processing, and constraints of memory.
Cognitive factors in auditory performance: context, speed of processing, and constraints of memory.
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发表时间：
1996-06
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
A. Wingfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wingfield
本文描述了用于探索认知因素在老年人听觉表现中的作用的几种技术。认知减慢和与年龄相关的记忆限制这两个因素受到特别关注。评估听众报告时间压缩语音内容的能力表明，老年人特别容易受到快速语音输入的影响。然而，这种影响可以通过有效使用语言知识来改善，与处理速度不同，语言知识在成人衰老过程中保持相对稳定。描述了第二种技术，其中测试从流利语音中摘录的单词的可懂度，首先单独呈现，然后使用来自原始话语的不同数量的前后上下文。研究表明，记忆限制对老年听众使用声音模糊区域后的语言环境对所听到内容进行回顾性分析的能力有显着影响。因此，认知因素既可以增强也可以限制老年听众的听觉表现。
This paper describes several techniques used to explore the role of cognitive factors in auditory performance in elderly adults. Two factors, cognitive slowing and age-related memory constraints, receive special attention. Assessing listeners' ability to report the content of time-compressed speech shows elderly adults to be especially vulnerable to rapid speech input. Such effects, however, are ameliorated by effective use of linguistic knowledge, which, unlike processing speed, remains relatively stable in adult aging. A second technique is described in which intelligibility is tested for words excerpted from fluent speech, first presented in isolation and then with varying amounts of preceding or following context from the original utterances. Memory constraints are shown to have a significant effect on elderly listeners' ability to use linguistic context that follows an acoustically ambiguous region for a retrospective analysis of what had been heard. Thus, cognitive factors can both enhance and limit auditory performance in elderly listeners.