Prioritization in visual attention does not work the way you think it does.
Prioritization in visual attention does not work the way you think it does.
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视觉注意力的优先顺序并不像你想象的那样有效。
DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000887
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lleras, Alejandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ng, Gavin J.;Buetti, Simona;Patel, Trisha N.;Lleras, Alejandro
注意力理论中的一个常见假设是，注意力根据与目标的相似性来优先搜索项目。在这里，我们测试了这个假设，发现它是不够的。观察员通过包含候选人（不能通过周边视觉自信地与目标区分开的干扰物）和诱饵（可以区分开的干扰物）的显示器进行搜索。候选人与目标的相似度有高有低。搜索显示候选人同质（所有项目相同的相似性）或候选人异质（每个相似性相同的数量）。候选人异质显示的反应时间相当于高，低相似性显示的平均值，这表明注意力是随机分配的，而不是朝着高相似性的候选人第一。Lures增加了一个独立于候选人的响应时间成本，表明他们在候选人被检查之前被拒绝。这些结果表明，一个“反向”优先级的过程：分布式注意丢弃最少的目标相似的项目第一，而集中的空间注意是随机指向目标相似的项目。
A common assumption in attention theories is that attention prioritizes search items based on their similarity to the target. Here, we tested this assumption and found it wanting. Observers searched through displays containing candidates (distractors that cannot be confidently differentiated from the target by peripheral vision) and lures (distractors that can be). Candidates had high or low similarity to the target. Search displays were either candidate-homogeneous (all items of same similarity) or candidate-heterogeneous (equal numbers of each similarity). Response times to candidate-heterogeneous displays were equivalent to the average of high-and low-similarity displays, suggesting that attention was allocated randomly, rather than toward the high-similarity candidates first. Lures added a response time cost that was independent of the candidates, suggesting they were rejected prior to candidates being inspected. These results suggest a “reverse” prioritization process: Distributed attention discards least target-similar items first, while focused spatial attention is randomly directed to target-similar items.