Community Diagnosis for Sustainable Disaster Preparedness
Community Diagnosis for Sustainable Disaster Preparedness
复制标题
可持续备灾的社区诊断
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Okada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoko Matsuda;N. Okada
本文介绍了“社区诊断“方法，该方法在灾害专家的协助下解决社区一级可持续备灾的需要。为此，我们提出了PDCA管理循环和知识创造模型。基于这些概念模型，我们介绍和演示社区诊断作为一种方法，实施参与式备灾。备灾被视为一个参与性的社区管理过程，所有参与者都应分享知识。我们讨论所需的知识类型，以及如何更好地积累和使用。通过知识创造模型对这一过程进行了分析。社区诊断被提议作为完成这一知识创造周期以加强备灾的一种方法。我们讨论社区诊断的前两个阶段。知识外化阶段被设计为一个诊断性调查，问卷调查隐含着“社区备灾需要检查”的隐喻。知识整合阶段被设计为一个规定性的研讨会，旨在通过面对面的交流找到一个解决方案（处方）来加强社区的准备工作。我们提出了一个正在进行的实证研究社区诊断在城市名古屋。我们还讨论了参与过程的方案，使这项研究的独特性。从这个社区诊断的初步结果，外部化的地方知识，关于“重复性的准备”和“规模的社区”进行了讨论。
The paper presents the“community diagnosis”method which addresses the need for sustainable disaster preparedness at the community level with the assistance of disaster experts. To this end, we present the PDCA management cycle and knowledge creation model. Based on these concept models, we introduce and demonstrate community diagnosis as a method of implementing participatory disaster preparedness. Disaster preparedness is observed as a participatory community management process, where all participating agents are expected to share knowledge. We discuss the type of knowledge required and how it can be better accumulated and used. This process is analyzed by the knowledge creation model. Community diagnosis is proposed as a method for completing this knowledge creation cycle to enhance disaster preparedness. We discuss the first two phases of community diagnosis. The knowledge externalization phase is designed as a diagnostic survey, the questionnaire survey implying the metaphor that “the community’ s disaster preparedness needs to be checked.”The knowledge combination phase is designed as a prescriptive workshop which is held to find a solution (prescription) to enhance the community preparedness by face-to-face communication. We present an ongoing empirical study of community diagnosis in urban Nagoya. We also discuss the scheme of the participatory process which makes this study unique. From the tentative results of this community diagnosis, externalized local knowledge regarding“repeatability of preparedness”and“scale of a community”is discussed.