Exposure to rivals and plastic responses to sperm competition in Drosophila melanogaster
Exposure to rivals and plastic responses to sperm competition in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arp189
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chapman, Tracey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bretman, Amanda;Fricke, Claudia;Chapman, Tracey
雄性对精子竞争水平的反应已经在广泛的分类群中被记录下来。最近在果蝇的工作表明，男性适应性地作出反应，其他男性的存在，使兼性调整交配持续时间，从而增加射精蛋白的转移，直接影响女性的交配后反应，并最终增加男性竞争性生殖成功。在这里，我们调查了男性如何检测竞争对手的男性的存在。我们测试了男性对男性接触的时间长度、男性首次接触的年龄、首次接触竞争对手的时间和密度的影响。我们发现，男性暴露于竞争对手交配前（从0到101小时的曝光），更长的时间，他们随后的交配持续时间。然而，将竞争对手的数量增加到1以上并没有明显的影响。增加密度（因此遇到率），其中男性保持没有影响男性的反应，竞争对手，也没有证据表明，竞争对手的反应可以引起一个简短的（2小时）的时间窗口暴露于男性在不同的时间交配前。男性首次接触其他男性的年龄并不影响他们对竞争对手的反应能力。总之，我们的研究结果表明，这是绝对长度暴露于竞争对手，而不是竞争对手的数量是至关重要的，在确定男性塑料反应的潜在水平的精子竞争D。黑腹果蝇
Responses by males to the level of sperm competition have been documented across a wide range of taxa. Recent work in Drosophila melanogaster shows that males respond adaptively to the presence of other males by making facultative adjustments to mating duration, resulting in increased transfer of ejaculate proteins, direct effects on postmating responses in females, and, ultimately, increased male competitive reproductive success. Here, we investigated how males detect the presence of rival males. We tested the effect of the length of male-to-male exposure, male age at first exposure, time since initial exposure to rivals and density. We found that the longer the males were exposed to rivals prior to mating (from 0 to 101 h of exposure), the longer their subsequent mating duration. There was no detectable effect, however, of increasing the number of rivals above 1. Increasing the density (hence encounter rate) in which males were kept had no effect on a male's response to rivals and there was also no evidence that responses to rivals could be evoked by a brief (2 h) time window of exposure to males at various times prior to mating. The age at which males were first exposed to other males did not affect their ability to respond to rivals. Taken together, our findings show that it is the absolute length of exposure to rivals and not the number of rivals that is critical in determining male plastic responses to the potential level of sperm competition in D. melanogaster.