Watching Populations Melt Down.
Watching Populations Melt Down.
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看着人口融化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.020
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hallatschek,Oskar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gralka,Matti;Fusco,Diana;Hallatschek,Oskar
达尔文进化论的一个奇怪的特征是，它要求在基因组复制过程中出现错误。否则，有益的突变就不会发生，适应就会停止。然而，毫不奇怪，随机DNA拷贝错误通常不会导致改善-大多数突变是有害的或几乎没有影响（1）。因为，据我们所知，进化还没有找到一种方法来选择性地促进有益的突变，人们想知道在不使有害突变压倒种群的情况下，复制错误率可能有多大（2）。这个最大可持续突变率的问题已经吸引了理论进化生物学家几十年（2，3），但实验结果很少。现在，马克斯·拉夫伦托维奇（理论家）、玛丽·瓦尔（实验家）和他们的同事（4）描述了一种观察微生物种群濒临屈服于有害突变的优雅方法，图1中的两态种群模型说明了自然选择和有害突变之间的权衡。以每代m速率发生的单向突变提供了从野生型到突变型的连续通量。这种焊剂是补偿-
One of the curious features of Darwinian Evolution is that it requires errors to be made during genome replication. Otherwise, beneficial mutations could not occur and adaptation would arrest. Not surprisingly, however, random DNA copy errors usually do not lead to improvement—most mutations are deleterious or have little effect (1). Because, as far as we know, evolution has not found a way to selectively boost beneficial mutations, one wonders how large replication error rates could possibly be without overwhelming the population with deleterious mutations (2). This question of maximal sustainable mutation rates has fascinated theoretical evolutionary biologists for decades (2, 3), yet experimental results are scarce. Now, Max Lavrentovich (a theorist), Mary Wahl (an experimenter), and their colleagues (4) describe an elegant way to watch microbial populations on the verge of succumbing to deleterious mutants.The simplest model for the tradeoff between natural selection and deleterious mutations is illustrated in a two-state population model in Fig. 1. One-way mutations occurring at rate m per generation supply a continuous flux from the wild-type to the mutant type. This flux is compen-