Large-scale interventions and programmes addressing nutrition-related chronic diseases and obesity: examples from 14 countries
Large-scale interventions and programmes addressing nutrition-related chronic diseases and obesity: examples from 14 countries
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DOI：
10.1079/phn2001304
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Doak, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doak, C
发展中国家显然面临着双重疾病负担。成人超重和肥胖的发生率正在上升，同时儿童营养不良的发生率也很高1 -7。因此，与营养有关的慢性疾病，如心血管疾病和糖尿病，正在成为发展中国家的关切问题8。除这些关切外，还需要继续解决营养不良和传染病问题。在智利，低收入群体和贫困社区的超重和肥胖现象正在增加9。南非有三重疾病负担，如Vorster所述10。这些都是与贫困相关的传染病，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病、与暴力相关的伤害以及与生活方式相关的非传染性疾病的增加。巴西较发达地区的肥胖症和心血管疾病负担也在穷人中出现11。随着与营养有关的慢性病变得更加普遍，有限的资源将因在治疗与营养有关的慢性病的同时还要处理传染病和营养不良问题而更加紧张。为了预防这一流行病，早期预防至关重要。正如Reddy 8在本增刊中指出的那样，预防是一种必要的、具有成本效益的手段，可以避免以治疗为基础的营养相关慢性病的高社会、生物和经济成本。因此，作为本次会议的一部分，我们审议了发展中国家寻求早期干预以预防肥胖症和与营养有关的慢性病的方案。
Developing countries are clearly facing a double burden of disease. The prevalences of overweight and obesity are rising among adults simultaneously with high rates of undernutrition among children1–7. Consequently, nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, are emerging as concerns in developing countries8. These concerns are combined with the continued need to address undernutrition and infectious disease. Overweight and obesity are increasing in Chile among low-income groups and poor communities9. There is a triple burden of disease in South Africa, described by Vorster10. These are poverty-related infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, violence-related injuries and an increase in lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases. The burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease in the more developed regions of Brazil is also emerging among the poor11. As nutrition-related chronic diseases become more prevalent, limited resources will be further strained by the simultaneous cost of addressing infectious disease and undernutrition, while treating nutrition-related chronic diseases. Early prevention is essential in order to prevent the epidemic. As Reddy8 states in this supplement, prevention is a necessary, cost-effective means of avoiding the high social, biological and economic costs of a treatment-based approach to nutrition-related chronic diseases. Thus, as a part of this meeting, we considered programmes in developing countries that have sought to intervene early to prevent obesity and nutrition-related chronic diseases.