Volatilization of ammonia from urea applied to soil: Influence of hippuric acid and other constituents of livestock urine
Volatilization of ammonia from urea applied to soil: Influence of hippuric acid and other constituents of livestock urine
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DOI：
10.1016/0038-0717(89)90174-0
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
D. Whitehead;D. R. Lockyer;N. Raistrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Whitehead;D. R. Lockyer;N. Raistrick
氨挥发从五个含氮成分的尿液中，评估超过8天后，其应用到土壤柱，并表示为应用的N的比例，依次下降：尿素，尿囊素，肌酐，肌酸，马尿酸。然而，当马尿酸与尿素在溶液中以马尿酸-N =尿素-N的2.5%的浓度混合时，显著增加了氨从尿素中的挥发，特别是在施用于土壤后的前2天内。与单独使用尿素相比，马尿酸的存在还促进了土壤pH值的增加（在施用溶液24小时后测量）。马尿酸的浓度是上述浓度的两倍，似乎超过了增加挥发的最佳浓度。上述尿液中的其他成分对尿素中氨的挥发几乎没有影响。在尿素和马尿酸的溶液中，总氮的浓度对挥发有很大的影响：在1-10 gN 1− 1的范围内，挥发的氮的比例随着浓度的增加而增加，但在最高浓度15 gN 1 −1时，挥发的氮的比例下降。在尿素（10 gNl−1）和马尿酸（0.23 gNl −1）的情况下，溶液的pH值在5.0-9.0的范围内对挥发的程度没有明显的影响，或者对添加后24小时测量的土壤-溶液混合物的pH值没有明显的影响。溶液中的盐浓度，如氯化钾和乙酸钾，也几乎没有影响。含有尿素（10 g Nl−1）和马尿酸（0.25 g Nl−1）并调节至pH 8的溶液在8天内氨挥发的程度和模式方面比单独的尿素更接近牛尿。
Ammonia volatilization from five nitrogenous constituents of urine, assessed over 8 days following their application to columns of soil, and expressed as a proportion of the N applied, decreased in the order: urea, allantoin, creatinine, creatine, hippuric acid. However, hippuric acid, when mixed with urea in solution at a concentration such that hippuric acid-N = 2.5% of urea-N, substantially increased the volatilization of ammonia from the urea, particularly during the first 2 days after application to soil. The presence of the hippuric acid also enhanced the increase in soil pH, measured 24 h after application of the solution, in comparison with urea alone. A concentration of hippuric acid twice that indicated above appeared to exceed the optimum for increasing volatilization. The other constituents of urine listed above had little if any effect on the volatilization of ammonia from urea. Volatilization was greatly influenced by the concentration of total N in solutions of urea plus hippuric acid: the proportion of the N that was volatilized increased with increasing concentration over the range 1–10 g N 1−1but declined at the highest concentration examined, 15gNl−1. With urea (10 gNl−1) plus hippuric acid (0.23gNl−1), the pH of the solution over the range 5.0–9.0 had no appreciable effect on the extent of volatilization, or on the pH of a soil-solution mixture measured 24 h after the addition. Salt concentration in the solution, examined as potassium chloride and potassium acetate, also had little, if any, effect. A solution containing urea (10 g Nl−1) plus hippuric acid (0.25 g Nl−1) and adjusted to pH 8 was much closer to cattle urine in the extent and pattern of ammonia volatilization over 8 days than was urea alone.