Late Quaternary Plants and Vertebrates from Picacho Peak, Arizona
Late Quaternary Plants and Vertebrates from Picacho Peak, Arizona
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亚利桑那州皮卡乔峰的晚第四纪植物和脊椎动物
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发表时间：
1991
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Amadeo M. Rea
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作者：
T. Devender;J. Mead;Amadeo M. Rea
从4个放射性碳年代测定的林鼠（Neotoma sp.）皮纳尔公司皮卡乔峰海拔655米处岩石裂缝中的垃圾样品，亚利桑那一个威斯康星州晚期（11，100到13，170 YBP）的松树-杜松-橡树林地，主要是单叶松和杜松。在全新世早期（9，420 - 10，280 YBP），osteosperma（犹他州杜松）和J. erythrocarpa/monosperma（红莓/一粒杜松）迁移到更加干旱的杜松-橡树林地/查帕拉尔。不再生活在皮卡乔峰的外来物种在威斯康星州晚期为29.9%，在全新世早期为20.1%，长寿的树木，灌木和肉质植物的变化最大。本文讨论了西铲足蜥Scaphiopus hammondi的地理学和分类学意义以及宽角沙蜥Phrynosoma platyrhinos、小鸮Micranthe whitneyi和Neotoma cf.白喉林鼠（albigula）。脊椎动物区系中的所有分类群广泛分布于荒漠灌丛和荒漠草原，至今仍在该地区出现，仅在其分布区的上部或北方边缘进入林地。这些脊椎动物在林地的典型栖息地和植物群中的异常组合可能反映了威斯康星州冰期晚期生态交错生境的特征--气候稳定性的扩张。古林鼠（Neotomasp.）在美国西南部和北方墨西哥的岩石斜坡上，贝齿为当地植物群和植被提供了过去20，000到40，000年的极好的发育序列（货车Devender等人，1987年a）。在末次冰期（威斯康星州）时期，林地扩展到亚利桑那州西南部和邻近加州（西经111* 到113*）的现代索诺兰沙漠。海拔600至1，555米处为以单叶松（Pinus monophylla）为主的松-杜松-橡树林地，海拔约300米处为旱生加州杜松（加州杜松）林地，沿着科罗拉多河和索诺拉州和下加利福尼亚加州的加州湾源头周围海拔较低的地区为Larrea divaricata（杂酚酸灌木）荒漠灌丛（货车Devender，1990年）。动物遗骸在林鼠贝冢中比植物少得多，但提供了对动物群对气候和植被变化的反应的深入了解（货车Devender和Mead，1978年;货车Devender等人，1979; Mead和菲利普斯，1981; Mead等人，1983年）。在这里，我们报告的解放军和脊椎动物仍然是从皮卡丘峰，亚利桑那州的woodrat贝冢。材料和方法-Picacho Peak是Picacho Peak州立公园中的一个孤立的孤峰，从底部海拔550米上升到顶部海拔1,030米（Albercoe，1967; Shafiquallah等人，1976; Yeend，1976）。最近的较大规模的山脉是图森以北的圣卡塔利纳山脉（东南55公里），海拔2,790米。皮卡乔峰附近的最低海拔为沿着圣克鲁斯河（西南3 km）的520 m。当地气候的特点是罕见的冬季冻结，炎热的夏天，和双季降水从太平洋冬季锋面风暴和亚热带夏季季风。埃洛伊岛（西北15公里）海拔475米处的平均气温1月为10.8摄氏度，7月为32.3摄氏度，极端气温为10.6摄氏度和47.2摄氏度（塞勒斯和希尔，1974年）。降水量为215毫米/年，6月至9月下降40.6%。皮卡乔峰位于索诺兰沙漠东北部的亚利桑那州高地分区，相对来说水源充足（什里夫，1964年;特纳和布朗，1982年）。岩石斜坡和海湾的植被主要由Cercidium microphyllum（footill paloverde）、Olneya tesota（铁木）和（saguaro）组成。该内容于2016年10月3日星期一06：10：19 UTC从 http://about.jstor.org/terms下载所有使用均受 207.46.13.149约束1991年9月货车Devender等人-晚第四纪植物和脊椎动物303
Eighty-two plant and 26 small vertebrate taxa were identified from four radiocarbon dated woodrat (Neotoma sp.) midden samples from a rock crevice at 655 m elevation on Picacho Peak, Pinal Co., Arizona. A late Wisconsin (11,100 to 13,170 YBP) pinyon-juniper-oak woodland dominated by Pinus monophylla (singleleaf pinyon) and Juniperus cf. osteosperma (Utah juniper) and J. erythrocarpa/monosperma (redberry/oneseed juniper) shifted to a more xeric juniper-oak woodland/chaparral in the early Holocene (9,420 to 10,280 YBP). Extralocal species that no longer live on Picacho Peak were 29.9% in the late Wisconsin and 20.1% in the early Holocene with the greatest changes in longlived trees, shrubs, and succulents. The biogeographic and taxonomic significance of Scaphiopus hammondi (western spadefoot) and the ecological adaptability of Phrynosoma platyrhinos (desert horned lizard), Micranthe whitneyi (elf owl), and Neotoma cf. albigula (white-throated woodrat) are discussed. All taxa in the vertebrate fauna are widespread in desertscrub and desert-grassland, still occur in the area, and enter woodlands only at the upper or northern edges of their ranges. The typical inhabitation of woodlands by these vertebrates and anomalous associations in the flora probably reflect the expansion of equable climates that now characterize ecotonal habitats during the late Wisconsin glacial. Analyses of plant remains preserved in ancient woodrat (Neotoma sp.) middens are providing excellent developmental sequences for local floras and vegetation for the last 20,000 to 40,000 years on rocky slopes in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (Van Devender et al., 1987a). During the last glacial (the Wisconsin) period, woodlands expanded into the modern Sonoran Desert in southwestern Arizona and adjacent California (111* to 113*W). Pinyon-juniper-oak woodland dominated by Pinus monophylla (singleleaf pinyon) was at 600 to 1,555 m elevation with a xeric Juniperus californica (California juniper) woodland down to about 300 m, and Larrea divaricata (creosotebush) desertscrub at lower elevations along the Colorado River and around the head of the Gulf of California in Sonora and Baja California (Van Devender, 1990). Animal remains are much less common than plants in woodrat middens but provide insight into faunal responses to changing climate and vegetation (Van Devender and Mead, 1978; Van Devender et al., 1979; Mead and Phillips, 1981; Mead et al., 1983). Here we report the pla and vertebrate remains in woodrat middens from Picacho Peak, Arizona. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Picacho Peak was an isolated butte in Picacho Peak State Park rising from 550 m elevation at the base to 1,030 m at the top (Briscoe, 1967; Shafiquallah et al., 1976; Yeend, 1976). The nearest mountains of larger size were the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson (55 km SE) that rose to 2,790 m elevation. The lowest elevation near Picacho Peak was 520 m along the Santa Cruz River (3 km SW). The local climate was characterized by infrequent winter freezes, hot summers, and biseasonal rainfall from Pacific winter frontal storms and the subtropical summer monsoon. Mean temperatures for Eloy (15 km NW) at 475 m were 10.8*C for January and 32.3*C for July with extremes of 10.6*C and 47.2*C (Sellers and Hill, 1974). Precipitation was 215 mm/year with 40.6% falling from June to September. Picacho Peak was in the relatively well-watered Arizona Upland Subdivision of the northeastern Sonoran Desert (Shreve, 1964; Turner and Brown, 1982). The vegetation on rocky slopes and bajadas was dominated by Cercidium microphyllum (foothill paloverde), Olneya tesota (ironwood), and Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro) in This content downloaded from 207.46.13.149 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 06:10:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms September 1991 Van Devender et al.-Late Quaternary plants and vertebrates 303