Hurricane‐Like Vortices in Conditionally Unstable Moist Convection

Hurricane‐Like Vortices in Conditionally Unstable Moist Convection
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飓风——类似于条件不稳定湿对流中的漩涡

DOI:
10.1029/2021ms002846
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.8
通讯作者:
Almgren, Ann S.
Almgren, Ann S.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chien, Mu‐Hua;Pauluis, Olivier M.;Almgren, Ann S.

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本研究探讨了旋转湿对流理想化模拟中飓风状涡旋的出现。通过规定上下边界处的温度和湿度,迫使具有用于相变的简化热力学的Boussinesq大气。使用具有自适应网格细化的变密度不可压缩Navier-Stokes求解器数值求解控制方程,以探索各种条件下的湿对流行为。在没有旋转的情况下,对流聚集成由大的非饱和区分隔的活跃斑块。旋转调节了这种统计平衡状态,使得自聚集对流组织了飓风般的漩涡。暖饱和空气向涡旋中心汇聚,上升流释放潜热,形成暖核结构。这些类似飓风的涡旋具有与地球大气中的热带气旋相似的特征。类似飓风的旋涡发生在条件不稳定的条件下,在边界处给定的势能足够大,对应于中等的旋转速率。这种状态与热带大气有许多相似的特征,表明强烈的中尺度涡旋的形成是旋转湿对流的一般特征。这里使用的模型不包括与辐射、风蒸发反馈或云微物理学的任何相互作用,这表明,虽然这些过程可能与地球大气中的热带气旋生成有关,但它们不是其主要原因。相反,我们的研究结果证实,飓风状涡旋的形成和维持涉及旋转和相变存在下的大气动力学的组合。
This study investigates the emergence of hurricane‐like vortices in idealized simulations of rotating moist convection. A Boussinesq atmosphere with simplified thermodynamics for phase transitions is forced by prescribing the temperature and humidity at the upper and lower boundaries. The governing equations are solved numerically using a variable‐density incompressible Navier‐Stokes solver with adaptive mesh refinement to explore the behavior of moist convection under a broad range of conditions. In the absence of rotation, convection aggregates into active patches separated by large unsaturated regions. Rotation modulates this statistical equilibrium state so that the self‐aggregated convection organizes hurricane‐like vortices. The warm and saturated air converges to the center of the vortices, and the latent heat released through the upwelling, forms the warm core structure. These hurricane‐like vortices share characteristics similar to tropical cyclones in the earth's atmosphere. The hurricane‐like vortices occur under conditionally unstable conditions where the potential energy given at the boundaries is large enough, corresponding to a moderate rate of rotation. This regime shares many similar characteristics to the tropical atmosphere indicating that the formation of intense meso‐scale vortices is a general characteristic of rotating moist convection. The model used here does not include any interactions with radiation, wind‐evaporation feedback, or cloud microphysics, indicating that, while these processes may be relevant for tropical cyclogenesis in the Earth atmosphere, they are not its primary cause. Instead, our results confirm that the formation and maintenance of hurricane‐like vortices involve a combination of atmospheric dynamics under the presence of rotation and of phase transitions.
条件不稳定大气中的对流
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发表时间: 1961
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伽辽金模型中具有相变的瑞利-贝纳德对流。
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潮湿湍流瑞利-贝纳德对流中的浮力统计
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