Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008
Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17061998
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发表时间：
2020-03-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beck, Cecile
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chevalier, Veronique;Marsot, Maud;Beck, Cecile
西尼罗河病毒和西尼罗病毒是日本脑炎复合体的两种黄病毒，其地理分布及其对动物和人类健康的影响在过去二十年中一直在增加。这两种病毒在欧洲和非洲的野生鸟类和蚊子之间的自然循环中传播，主要来自库蚊属。我们回顾性分析了2008年在两个湿地，即内尼日尔三角洲，马里和阿劳特拉湖地区，马达加斯加采集的家禽和野生鸟类血清。首先使用商业ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA试剂盒测试血清。然后，对阳性血清和ELISA检测体积不足的血清进行中和试验。在马里，观察到的家禽血清阳性率分别为28.5% [24.5; 32.8]（95%CI）、3.1%[1.8; 5.2]（95%CI）、6.2% [3.4; 10.2]（95%CI）和9.8%[7.3; 12.8]（95%CI），分别为西尼罗河病毒（WNV）、西尼罗病毒（USUV）、未确定的黄病毒和WNV/USUV。关于马达加斯加的家禽，观察到的血清阳性率为：WNV 4.4%[2.1; 7.9]（95%CI），USUV 0.9% [0.1; 3.1]（95%CI），未确定的黄病毒1.3% [0.5; 2.8]（95%CI），WNV/USUV为零。在马达加斯加的150个野生鸟类采样，两个黄褐色的哨声鸭（Dendrocygna双色）呈阳性的西尼罗河病毒和两个未确定的黄病毒。一个白脸哨声鸭（Dendrocygna viduata）和一个Hottentot水鸭（Spatula hottentota）检测呈阳性。非洲和欧洲的湿地因野生鸟类的迁徙而联系在一起。第一次检测到USUV，以及确认的流通，西尼罗河病毒在国内鸟类的两个湿地马里和马达加斯加强调，需要改善监测，流行病学模式的知识，和系统发育特征的黄病毒在非洲，特别是在地区容易持续，强烈的黄病毒传播，如湿地。
The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] (95%CI), 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] (95%CI), 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] (95%CI) and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] (95%CI), for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9](95%CI) for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] (95%CI) for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] (95%CI) for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV-as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar-emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands.