Quantifying shade using a standard environment
Quantifying shade using a standard environment
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使用标准环境量化阴影
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Thomas Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Langman;M. Rowe;D. Forthman;N. Langman;J. Black;Thomas Walker
本研究的目的是量化的热微气候所提供的遮阳结构在亚特兰大动物园的非洲象外壳。假设是，气象仪器掩体（史蒂文森屏幕）的内部将提供最大的环境屏蔽和最冷的环境条件，而无需人工加热或冷却。将史蒂文森屏幕内的环境条件与展品阴影和非阴影部分的环境条件进行比较，以量化环境条件下可能出现的极端情况。史蒂文森屏幕减少了766 W m−2的辐射热负荷。大象外壳中的遮阳结构减少了278 W m−2的辐射热负荷，这是史蒂文森屏幕内部所代表的总可能减少量的37%。长波辐射热在太阳直射下比短波辐射热大10%，在阴影区比短波辐射热大37%。遮阳结构使短波辐射热减少了254 Wm −2或43%，但仅使长波辐射热减少了24 Wm −2或3%。单独的遮荫结构可能无法为圈养物种提供足够的辐射热保护。人工围栏内的凉爽小气候应设计为减少所有辐射热源。Zoo Biol 22：253-260，2003.© 2003 Wiley-Liss公司。
The purpose of this study was to quantify the thermal microclimate provided by a shade structure in the African elephant enclosure at Zoo Atlanta. The hypothesis was that the interior of a weather instrument shelter (a Stevenson screen) would provide the maximum environmental shielding and the coolest possible ambient conditions without artificial heating or cooling. The ambient conditions inside the Stevenson screen were compared with the ambient conditions in the shaded and nonshaded sections of the exhibit to quantify the extremes possible under the environmental conditions. The Stevenson screen reduced the radiant heat load by 766 W m−2. The shade structure in the elephant enclosure reduced the radiant heat load by 278 W m−2, which was 37% of the total possible reduction represented by the interior of the Stevenson screen. The longwave radiant heat was 10% greater in the direct sun and 37% greater in the shaded area than the shortwave radiant heat. The shade structure reduced the shortwave radiant heat by 254 W m−2 or 43%, but only reduced the longwave radiant heat by 24Wm−2 or 3%. Shade structures alone may not provide adequate protection from radiant heat for captive species. A cool microclimate in an artificial enclosure should be designed to reduce all sources of radiant heat. Zoo Biol 22:253–260, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.