Breeding programs to reduce foot and leg problems
Breeding programs to reduce foot and leg problems
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减少足部和腿部问题的育种计划
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Mcdaniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Mcdaniel
通过选择可以减少足部和腿部问题的发生率及其直接和间接后果。最有希望的方法是选择至少包括足部角度或对角线的线性分数、后腿后视图和运动分数的指数。理想的是脚部角度高、对角线短、后腿从后面看更直，飞节处几乎没有接近，以及反映更容易行走的运动分数。在某些人群中，从侧面观察，飞节处比平均水平更直的腿可能有价值。对实际足部和腿部问题的直接观察频率较低，限制了它们在选择决策中的有用性，但如果在可用时使用，它们可能会改善育种价值的估计。由于基于个体动物的表型时，足部和腿部性状的遗传力较低，因此基于后代平均育种值的动物模型估计时，选择的效率将提高许多倍。第一次哺乳期的蛋白质、牛奶和脂肪产量与足部和腿部问题的发生率之间显然存在拮抗的遗传相关性。这些表明用于脚和腿的指数是用于选择后代奶牛亲代的总体指数的子指数或只是一部分。
The incidence of foot and leg problems and their direct and indirect consequences can be reduced by selection. The most promising approach is to select on an index that includes at least linear scores for foot angle or diagonal, rear legs rear view, and a locomotion score. Desirable are high foot angles, shorter diagonals, straighter rear legs from the rear with little to no closeness at the hocks, and locomotion scores that reflect easier walking. In some populations legs straighter than average at the hocks as observed from the side may have value. Low frequencies of direct observation of actual foot and leg problems limit their usefulness in selection decisions, but they might improve estimates of Breeding Value if used when they are available. Because the heritabilities of the foot and leg traits are low when based on the phenotype of individual animals, selection will be many times more effective when based on animal model estimates of progeny average breeding values. Antagonistic genetic correlations apparently exist between yields of protein, milk, and fat of first lactations and incidence of foot and leg problems. These indicate that the index used for feet and legs be a subindex or only part of the overall index used for selection of parents of future generations of dairy cattle.