Spikelet sterility of rice observed in the record hot summer of 2007 and the factors associated with its variation
Spikelet sterility of rice observed in the record hot summer of 2007 and the factors associated with its variation
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DOI：
10.2480/agrmet.67.4.3
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Fukuoka, Minehiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasegawa, Toshihiro;Ishimaru, Tsutomu;Fukuoka, Minehiko
热诱导小穗不育是全球气候变暖对水稻生产的主要威胁之一。以前的室内实验表明，即使是短时间暴露在高温下也会导致小穗不育，但在开阔地对作物的实际损害很少有报道。2007年盛夏，日本关东和东海地区出现了40摄氏度以上的创纪录高温。我们研究了这种极端的高温事件是否会导致开阔地的不育。我们从关东和东海地区的5个县的132个田间收集了穗样品。在超过40%的被调查作物中，抽穗期前后5天内平均的最高气温超过了不育阈值（35摄氏度）。小穗不育度在2%~ 23%之间，超过10%的占20%。穗让不育在2007年明显高于2008年正常的夏天，并达到高峰的热浪，这证实了第一次极端的高温在盛夏诱导不育在日本的开放领域的条件下，但在较小的程度上比从以前的腔室实验预测。从这次调查的教训是，空气温度本身是不足以预测热诱导不育的发生和影响穗的热收支的因素需要考虑作物的损害。选择耐高温品种、优化施氮时间和施氮量等作物管理措施可以缓解高温诱导小穗不育的发生，有助于制定适应气候变化的措施。
Heat-induced spikelet sterility is one of the major threats to rice production from global warming. Previous chamber experiments have shown that even a short exposure to heat can induce spikelet sterility, but actual damage to a crop in the open field has rarely been reported. In the mid-summer of 2007, the Kanto and Tokai regions in Japan experienced record high temperatures above 40 degrees C. We examined whether this extreme heat event induced sterility in open fields. We collected panicle samples from 132 fields in 5 prefectures in the Kanto and Tokai regions. Maximum air temperature averaged over a 5-day period around the heading stage exceeded the threshold for sterility (35 degrees C) in more than 40% of the crops surveyed. Spike let sterility ranged from 2% to 23%, and was more than 10% in 20% of the crops studied. Spike let sterility in 2007 was apparently higher than that in the normal summer of 2008 and peaked with the heat wave, which confirms for the first time that extreme heat in midsummer induced sterility under open field conditions in Japan, but to a lesser extent than what was predicted from previous chamber experiments. The lesson from this survey is that air temperature per se is not sufficient to predict the occurrence of heat-induced sterility and that factors influencing the heat budget of the panicles are needed to account for the crop damage. Crop management practices such as selection of tolerant cultivars and optimizing the timing and amount of nitrogen application could moderate the occurrence of heat induced spikelet sterility which can help to develop adaptation measures to climate change.