Music perception with cochlear implants: a review.
Music perception with cochlear implants: a review.
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DOI：
10.1177/108471380400800203
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McDermott, Hugh J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McDermott, Hugh J
在过去的四分之一世纪，人工耳蜗植入作为一种有效和安全的耳聋治疗方法的接受度稳步上升。最早的设备是第一个植入假体，发现通过直接电刺激神经成功地部分补偿了失去的感觉功能。最初，主要目的是为双耳有严重或完全感觉神经性听力障碍的人提供有限的听觉。虽然第一个人工耳蜗植入的目的是为患者提供更多的环境声音和一些线索，以帮助视觉语音阅读意识，但这项技术已经迅速发展。目前，大多数拥有现代人工耳蜗系统的人可以单独使用该设备来理解语音，至少在良好的听力条件下。近年来，越来越多的研究致力于植入用户对非语音声音，特别是音乐的感知。本文回顾了这项研究，讨论了已发表的实验结果的心理物理学观察和设备的功能，并得出结论，一些实际的建议，如何感知音乐可能会提高植入受体在未来。过去的研究中最重要的发现是：（1）平均而言，植入者感知节奏的能力与听力正常的听众一样好;（2）即使使用技术先进的多通道声音处理器，对旋律的识别，特别是没有节奏或语言提示的旋律，也很差，许多植入者的表现略好于机会水平;（3）音色感知，通常通过实验程序进行评估，要求受试者识别乐器声音，通常不令人满意;（4）植入用户倾向于将音乐声音的质量评定为不如听力正常的听众愉快;（5）专门为植入者提供结构化音乐听觉体验而设计的听觉训练计划可能会提高通过假肢听到的音乐的主观可接受性;（六）通过设计创新的声音处理器，可以更有效和精确地使用电刺激的时间和空间模式来克服听觉障碍，从而改善音高感知。现有植入系统中信号编码的固有局限性;（7）对于具有可用听觉（至少对于低频声音）的植入接受者的日益增长的人口，与仅依赖于由其假体提供的听觉的聋人的典型情况相比，通过组合的声刺激和电刺激对音乐的感知可能好得多。
The acceptance of cochlear implantation as an effective and safe treatment for deafness has increased steadily over the past quarter century. The earliest devices were the first implanted prostheses found to be successful in compensating partially for lost sensory function by direct electrical stimulation of nerves. Initially, the main intention was to provide limited auditory sensations to people with profound or total sensorineural hearing impairment in both ears. Although the first cochlear implants aimed to provide patients with little more than awareness of environmental sounds and some cues to assist visual speech-reading, the technology has advanced rapidly. Currently, most people with modern cochlear implant systems can understand speech using the device alone, at least in favorable listening conditions. In recent years, an increasing research effort has been directed towards implant users' perception of nonspeech sounds, especially music. This paper reviews that research, discusses the published experimental results in terms of both psychophysical observations and device function, and concludes with some practical suggestions about how perception of music might be enhanced for implant recipients in the future. The most significant findings of past research are: (1) On average, implant users perceive rhythm about as well as listeners with normal hearing; (2) Even with technically sophisticated multiple-channel sound processors, recognition of melodies, especially without rhythmic or verbal cues, is poor, with performance at little better than chance levels for many implant users; (3) Perception of timbre, which is usually evaluated by experimental procedures that require subjects to identify musical instrument sounds, is generally unsatisfactory; (4) Implant users tend to rate the quality of musical sounds as less pleasant than listeners with normal hearing; (5) Auditory training programs that have been devised specifically to provide implant users with structured musical listening experience may improve the subjective acceptability of music that is heard through a prosthesis; (6) Pitch perception might be improved by designing innovative sound processors that use both temporal and spatial patterns of electric stimulation more effectively and precisely to overcome the inherent limitations of signal coding in existing implant systems; (7) For the growing population of implant recipients who have usable acoustic hearing, at least for low-frequency sounds, perception of music is likely to be much better with combined acoustic and electric stimulation than is typical for deaf people who rely solely on the hearing provided by their prostheses.