From Backwaters to Major Policymakers: Policy Polarization in the States, 1970-2014
From Backwaters to Major Policymakers: Policy Polarization in the States, 1970-2014
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DOI：
10.1017/s153759271700425x
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Grumbach, Jacob M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grumbach, Jacob M.
政治学家经常将州和地方政府描述为边缘政府，在决策方面受到高度限制。然而，我认为，近几十年来，州政府已经从围绕美国公共政策方向的党派斗争的边缘转向了中心。在16个问题领域，我调查州际政策的变化，各州的政策差异，政策极化，党对州政府的控制和政策结果之间的关系不断变化。自20世纪70年代以来，州际差异增加，个人的税收负担，堕胎权以及与政府的其他关系越来越多地取决于她的居住州。2000年后，16个领域中有14个领域的政策两极分化显著加剧。我发现，党的控制越来越多地预测社会经济结果的两极化领域的医疗保健，但不是在刑事司法的非两极化领域。
Political scientists often characterize state and local governments as marginal and highly constrained in policymaking. However, I suggest that in recent decades state governments have moved from the margins to the center of partisan battles over the direction of U.S. public policy. Across 16 issue areas, I investigate interstate policy variation, policy differences across states, and policy polarization, the changing relationship between party control of state government and policy outcomes. Since the 1970s, interstate variation has increased such that an individual's tax burden, right to obtain an abortion, and other relationships to government are increasingly determined by her state of residence. Policy polarization increases dramatically after 2000 in 14 of the 16 areas. I show that party control increasingly predicts socioeconomic outcomes in the polarized area of health care, but not in the nonpolarized area of criminal justice.