All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda
All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda
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DOI：
10.13140/rg.2.2.11200.05124/1
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lik-Hang Lee;Tristan Braud;Pengyuan Zhou;Lin Wang;Dianlei Xu;Zijun Lin;Abhishek Kumar;Carlos Bermejo;Pan Hui
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文献类型：
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作者：
Lik-Hang Lee;Tristan Braud;Pengyuan Zhou;Lin Wang;Dianlei Xu;Zijun Lin;Abhishek Kumar;Carlos Bermejo;Pan Hui
自互联网在1990年代普及以来，网络空间不断发展。我们已经创建了各种计算机介导的虚拟环境，包括社交网络、视频会议、虚拟3D世界（例如，VR聊天）、增强现实应用（例如，Pokemon Go）和不可替代的代币游戏（例如，高地）。这样的虚拟环境，虽然是非永久性的，也是没有连接的，但已经为我们带来了不同程度的数字化转型。“虚拟实境”一词是为了进一步促进我们物质生活各个方面的数字化转型而创造的。在虚拟实境的核心是一个沉浸式互联网的愿景，作为一个巨大的，统一的，持久的，共享的领域。虽然虚拟世界看起来很未来，但在延展实境、5G和人工智能等新兴技术的催化下，我们网络空间的数字“大爆炸”并不遥远。这份调查报告首次尝试提供一个全面的框架，在最先进的技术和虚拟实境生态系统的维度下研究最新的虚拟实境发展，并说明了数字“大爆炸”的可能性。首先，技术是推动从当前互联网向虚拟实境过渡的推动力。因此，我们严格审查了八项使能技术-延展实境，用户交互（人机交互），人工智能，区块链，计算机视觉，物联网和机器人技术，边缘和云计算，以及未来的移动的网络。在应用方面，虚拟实境生态系统允许人类用户在一个自我维持、持久和共享的领域中生活和玩耍。因此，我们讨论了六个以用户为中心的因素-化身，内容创作，虚拟经济，社会可接受性，安全和隐私，信任和责任。最后，我们提出了一个具体的研究议程的发展。
Since the popularisation of the Internet in the 1990s, the cyberspace has kept evolving. We have created various computer-mediated virtual environments including social networks, video conferencing, virtual 3D worlds (e.g., VR Chat), augmented reality applications (e.g., Pokemon Go), and Non-Fungible Token Games (e.g., Upland). Such virtual environments, albeit non-perpetual and unconnected, have bought us various degrees of digital transformation. The term `metaverse' has been coined to further facilitate the digital transformation in every aspect of our physical lives. At the core of the metaverse stands the vision of an immersive Internet as a gigantic, unified, persistent, and shared realm. While the metaverse may seem futuristic, catalysed by emerging technologies such as Extended Reality, 5G, and Artificial Intelligence, the digital `big bang' of our cyberspace is not far away. This survey paper presents the first effort to offer a comprehensive framework that examines the latest metaverse development under the dimensions of state-of-the-art technologies and metaverse ecosystems, and illustrates the possibility of the digital `big bang'. First, technologies are the enablers that drive the transition from the current Internet to the metaverse. We thus examine eight enabling technologies rigorously - Extended Reality, User Interactivity (Human-Computer Interaction), Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computer Vision, IoT and Robotics, Edge and Cloud computing, and Future Mobile Networks. In terms of applications, the metaverse ecosystem allows human users to live and play within a self-sustaining, persistent, and shared realm. Therefore, we discuss six user-centric factors -- Avatar, Content Creation, Virtual Economy, Social Acceptability, Security and Privacy, and Trust and Accountability. Finally, we propose a concrete research agenda for the development of the metaverse.