Sex differences in morbidity and mortality
Sex differences in morbidity and mortality
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DOI：
10.1353/dem.2005.0011
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Paxson, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Case, A;Paxson, C
从青春期早期到中年晚期，女性的自我评估健康状况比男性差，住院次数也比男性多，但在每个年龄段死亡的可能性都较小。我们使用美国国家健康访谈调查的14年数据来研究这一悖论。我们的研究结果表明，女性和男性之间自我评估健康的差异完全可以通过他们所面临的慢性疾病分布的差异来解释。然而，对于住院事件和死亡率来说，情况并非如此。患有几种与吸烟有关的疾病的男性包括心血管疾病和某些肺部疾病比患有同样慢性疾病的女性更有可能经历住院和死亡，这意味着男性可能会经历更严重的这些疾病。虽然死亡率的部分差异可以用慢性病分布的差异来解释，但同样大的比例可以归因于这些疾病对男性死亡率的较大不利影响。与吸烟有关的疾病对男性健康的影响更大，可能是因为他们一生中吸烟的比例更高。
Women have worse self-rated health and more hospitalization episodes than men from early adolescence to late middle age, but are less likely to die at each age. We use 14 years of data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey to examine this paradox. Our results indicate that the difference in self-assessed health between women and men can be entirely explained by differences in the distribution of the chronic conditions they face. This is not true, however for hospital episodes and mortality. Men with several smoking-related conditions-including cardiovascular disease and certain lung disorders-are more likely to experience hospital episodes and to die than women who suffer from the same chronic conditions, implying that men may experience more-severe forms of these conditions. While some of the difference in mortality can be explained by differences in the distribution of chronic conditions, an equally large share can be attributed to the larger adverse effects of these conditions on male mortality. The greater effects of smoking-related conditions on men health may be due to their higher rates of smoking throughout their lives.