Chemical, cytotoxic and genotoxic analysis of etidronate in sodium hypochlorite solution
Chemical, cytotoxic and genotoxic analysis of etidronate in sodium hypochlorite solution
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DOI：
10.1111/iej.13110
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mohn, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballal, N. V.;Das, S.;Mohn, D.
目的研究在次氯酸钠（NaOCl）溶液中加入一种用于根管冲洗（Dual Rinse HEDP）的螯合粉末，是否会产生额外的细胞毒性和基因毒性，而NaOCl单独使用时没有观察到这种效应。方法将新鲜和24小时前的0.9 g地替膦酸盐与10 mL 2.5% NaOCl混合，评估其基本化学特征，包括pH值和从羟基磷灰石中螯合Ca2+的能力。纯NaOCl和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）加/不加依地膦酸盐作为对照溶液。采用MTT法、克隆性法和微核法分别评价了稀释溶液（1:10、1:100和1:100）对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（V79）的细胞毒性和基因毒性作用。采用单因素方差分析和Tukey’s HSD检验，α型误差为5% （P < 0.05）。结果NaOCl与依地膦酸盐混合24 h后，游离有效氯完全丧失，pH值下降3个单位以上。然而，地屈酸盐螯合Ca2+的能力保持不变。NaOCl与依地膦酸酯的新配伍毒性不高于NaOCl单用毒性（P < 0.05），而24h后配伍毒性较低（P < 0.05），与单纯的依地膦酸酯毒性相近。在测试的稀释度下，地替膦酸盐本身几乎没有细胞毒性，没有遗传毒性。结论醋酸乙替膦酸双冲洗HEDP对钙的螯合能力不受NaOCl的影响。混合溶液的细胞毒性和遗传毒性是由其中的游离有效氯的存在决定的。
Aim To test whether the incorporation of a chelation powder, etidronate, marketed for root canal irrigation (Dual Rinse HEDP) into a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution induced additional cytotoxic and genotoxic effects not observed with NaOCl alone. Methodology Fresh and 24-h-old mixtures of 0.9 g of etidronate in 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl were assessed for their basic chemical features including pH and the ability to chelate Ca2+ from hydroxylapatite. Pure NaOCl and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with/without etidronate served as control solutions. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of diluted solutions (1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000) were assessed on Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) using the MTT, clonogenic and micronucleus assays, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were applied with an alpha-type error of 5% (P < 0.05). Results In mixtures of NaOCl and etidronate, the free available chlorine was lost completely after 24 h, and the pH dropped by more than 3 units. However, the ability of the etidronate to chelate Ca2+ was maintained. The fresh mixtures of NaOCl and etidronate were not more toxic than NaOCl alone (P > 0.05), whilst the 24-h-old mixtures were less toxic (P < 0.05) and statistically similar to pure etidronate. Etidronate per se showed little cytotoxicity and no genotoxicity at the tested dilutions. Conclusions The ability of the used etidronate, Dual Rinse HEDP, to chelate calcium is not affected by NaOCl. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of mixed solutions is dictated by the presence of free available chlorine therein.