Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in low-middle income school children in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in low-middle income school children in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.08-2073
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ellwein LB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salomão SR;Cinoto RW;Berezovsky A;Mendieta L;Nakanami CR;Lipener C;Muñoz Ede H;Ejzenbaum F;Belfort R Jr;Pokharel GP;Ellwein LB
评估圣保罗中低收入学童视力障碍的患病率和原因。 2005 年 6 月至 11 月，采用整群抽样的方法，随机抽取三个学区公立学校（5-8 年级）11 至 14 岁的儿童样本。检查内容包括视力测试、眼球运动以及外眼、眼前节和媒介检查。对单眼裸眼视力为 20/40 或更差的儿童进行散瞳验光和眼底检查。视力障碍的主要原因是针对裸眼视力为 20/40 或更差的眼睛确定的。共统计2825名儿童，检查2441名（86.4%）。较好眼的未矫正视力、现有视力和最佳矫正视力 20/40 或更差的患病率分别为 4.82%、2.67% 和 0.41%。 144 名（5.9%）儿童佩戴眼镜。 76.8% 的儿童单眼或双眼视力障碍的原因是屈光不正；弱视，11.4%；视网膜疾病，5.9%；其他原因，2.7%；原因不明的占 7.7%。近视视觉障碍（一只或两只眼睛的球镜当量 -0.50 D）与年龄或年级水平无关，但女性性别略有显着性（P = 0.070）。远视视力障碍（+2.00 D 或以上）与年龄、年级或性别无关。圣保罗城市中低收入学童的视力下降患病率较低，大部分是由于未矫正的屈光不正造成的。需要采取具有成本效益的策略来解决这种容易治疗的视力障碍原因。
Assess prevalence and causes of vision impairment among low–middle income school children in São Paulo. Cluster sampling was used to obtain a random sample of children ages 11 to 14 years from public schools (grades 5–8) in three districts from June to November 2005. The examination included visual acuity testing, ocular motility, and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, and media. Cycloplegic refraction and fundus examination were performed in children with uncorrected visual acuity 20/40 or worse in either eye. A principal cause of visual impairment was determined for eyes with uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse. A total of 2825 children were enumerated and 2441 (86.4%) were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity 20/40 or worse in the better eye was 4.82%, 2.67%, and 0.41%, respectively. Spectacles were used by 144 (5.9%) children. Refractive error was a cause in 76.8% of children with visual impairment in one or both eyes; amblyopia, 11.4%; retinal disorders, 5.9%; other causes, 2.7%; and unexplained causes, 7.7%. Myopic visual impairment (spherical equivalent −0.50 D in one or both eyes) was not associated with age or grade level, but female sex was marginally significant (P = 0.070). Hyperopic visual impairment (+2.00 D or more) was not associated with age, grade level, or sex. The prevalence of reduced vision in low–middle income urban São Paulo school children was low, most of it because of uncorrected refractive error. Cost-effective strategies are needed to address this easily treated cause of vision impairment.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
He, MG;Xu, JJ;Ellwein, LB
通讯作者：
Ellwein, LB
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Maul, E;Barroso, S;Ellwein, LB
通讯作者：
Ellwein, LB
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Zhao, JL;Pan, XJ;Ellwein, LB
通讯作者：
Ellwein, LB
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
He, MG;Zeng, JW;Ellwein, LB
通讯作者：
Ellwein, LB
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Negrel, AD;Maul, E;Ellwein, LB
通讯作者：
Ellwein, LB