Biological Attributes of Rattail Fescue (Vulpia myuros)
Biological Attributes of Rattail Fescue (Vulpia myuros)
复制标题
鼠尾草 (Vulpia myuros) 的生物学特性
作者：
D. Ball;S. Frost;Lynn Fandrich;C. Tarasoff;C. Mallory
摘要鼠尾茅是一种冬季一年生草本植物，在春小麦和冬小麦中防治较为困难。虽然鼠尾羊茅在太平洋西北地区不是一种新的杂草物种，但在土壤干扰最小的情况下，例如在直接种子种植系统中，其发生率一直在增加。为了制定鼠尾羊茅的综合管理策略，需要有关种子在土壤中的生存寿命、种子休眠的存在、春化要求以及种子在田间萌发和建立的最佳环境条件的信息。鼠尾茅生物学对照试验表明，不同萌发温度下，新成熟种子需要1 ~ 12个月的催熟期才能获得高水平的种子萌发。根据热梯度板研究，在恒定的昼夜温度约为20℃时，观察到最大种子萌发率。种子埋藏的发芽试验表明，大多数埋藏的种子在2至3年后不能存活。田间种植的尾茅需要春化才能产生穗和可发芽的种子。短的催熟期，较低的萌发温度和春化要求支持尾茅作为冬季一年生植物的分类。这些信息将有助于发展尾羊茅管理系统，包括作物轮作和各种控制策略，如在休耕期间耕作或施用除草剂的时机。命名法：鼠尾羊茅，Vulpia myuros （L.）kc Gmel。VLPMY，小麦，小麦。
Abstract Control of rattail fescue, a winter annual grass, can be difficult in spring or winter wheat. Although rattail fescue is not a new weed species in the Pacific Northwest, occurrences have been increasing in circumstances where soil disturbances are minimized, such as in direct-seed cropping systems. To develop integrated management strategies for rattail fescue, information is needed on the longevity of seed viability in the soil, the presence of seed dormancy, vernalization requirements, and optimal environmental conditions for seed germination and establishment under field conditions. Controlled experiments on the biology of rattail fescue indicated that newly mature seed required an afterripening period of 1 to 12 mo to obtain high levels of seed germination, depending on germination temperature. Maximum seed germination was observed at constant day/night temperatures of approximately 20 C from thermogradient plate studies. Germination tests from seed burial studies indicated that a majority of buried seed was not viable after 2 to 3 yr. Field-grown rattail fescue plants required vernalization to produce panicles and germinable seed. A short afterripening period, cool germination temperature, and vernalization requirements support the classification of rattail fescue as a winter annual. This information will facilitate development of rattail fescue management systems, including crop rotations and various control tactics such as tillage or herbicide application timing during fallow periods. Nomenclature: Rattail fescue, Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. VLPMY, wheat, Triticum aestivum L.