Aging in the 1980's: Psychological Issues
Aging in the 1980's: Psychological Issues
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20 世纪 80 年代的老龄化：心理问题
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/36.2.251
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Sinnott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sinnott
潜在的压倒性的600多页被组织成足够数量的子部分，读者可以轻松访问给定的内容区域。还提供了一个整体的主题和作者索引，即使每一章的参考文献都紧随章节文本而给出。这本书首先简要总结了对衰老心理学的调查历史。最后，本报告在结语中描述了今后应采取的方向。在历史导言和结语之间夹着九个部分，共43章。每个部分都有一个或多个编辑，他们确保了该部分的风格一致，并提供了一个概述。近100名科学家作为作者或编辑为本卷作出了贡献。第一部分，由玛格丽特盖兹编辑，提供了有关老年人的临床问题的概述。读者可能希望在这里获得更多的信息，因为本节的三章必须简要介绍与老年人有关的心理健康系统，老年人的评估和老年人的干预。第1章，讨论了精神卫生系统，提供了一个很好的评估的影响，以个人为中心的模式提供服务，并过分强调再社会化在过去的治疗老人。缺乏家庭计划，替代治疗方式，社会情境因素的分析，这可能与精神疾病，并缺乏个人预防保健建议的一些变化servicedelivery policy.Sections 2（3章）和3（4章），编辑玛丽莲阿尔伯特和斯蒂芬哈金斯，分别侧重于神经心理学和心理生理学问题。需要同时研究大脑和行为变量和规范表达的行为范围在老年人群体进行了讨论。CT扫描技术的贡献，其承诺的非侵入性信息收集的概述。第3节的4章涉及事件相关电位（ERP）技术在正常和异常衰老研究中的最新应用。脑干听觉诱发电位被描述为与疾病而不是与年龄不同，但ERP揭示了与年龄相关的神经功能差异，可能与认知能力有关。第3节的最后一章总结了AEP与信息处理相关的平均诱发电位研究结果，并建议未来的ERP研究使用足够复杂的任务来诱发EP。精神药理学问题在第4节的5章中讨论，由Gail Marsh编辑。其中三份涉及药物对动物（主要是大鼠）的影响;其余两份涉及神经肽和胆碱能对人类认知和记忆的影响。早期的结果有时是相互矛盾的，临床应用似乎还为时过早。未来的研究方向。
The potentially overwhelming 600+ pages are organized into a sufficient number of subsections that the reader is allowed easy access to a given content area. An overall subject and author index are also provided, even though the references for each chapter are given immediately following the chapter text. The book begins with a brief summary of the history of investigations into the psychology of aging. It closes with an epilogue describing future directions to be taken. Between the historical introduction and the epilogue are sandwiched nine sections filled with a total of 43 chapters. Each section has one or more editors who have ensured consistent style within the section, and provided an overview. Almost 100 scientists have contributed to this volume as authors or editors. The first section, edited by Margaret Gatz, provides an overview of clinical issues concerning older adults. Readers might wish for even more information here, since the section's three chapters must be brief in their treatment of the mental health system as it relates to older adults, assessment of elders, and intervention with older adults. Chapter 1, which discusses the mental health system, provides an excellent assessment of the effects of individually-focused models of service delivery, and of overemphasis on resocialization in past treatment of elders. The lack of family programs, of alternative treatment modalities, of analysis of social-situational factors which might be associated with mental illness, and the lack of individual preventative care suggest a number of changes in servicedelivery policies.Sections 2 (3 chapters) and 3 (4 chapters), edited by Marilyn Albert and Stephen Harkins, respectively, focus on neuropsychological and psychophysiological issues. The need for concurrent study of brain and behavioral variables and for norms expressing the range of behavior in an elderly group is discussed. Contributions of CT scan techniques with their promise of non-invasive information gathering are outlined. The 4 chapters in Section 3 concern recent applications of event-related-potential (ERP) techniques in the study of normal and abnormal aging. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials are described as differing with disease rather than with age, but ERPs reveal age-related differences in neurological functioning that might relate to cognitive performance. The last chapter in Section 3 summarizes average evoked potential research results relating AEP to information processing and recommends that future ERP studies use tasks sufficiently complex to themselves elicit the EP. Psychopharmacological issues are discussed in the 5 chapters of Section 4, edited by Gail Marsh. Three deal with drug effects in animals, mainly rats; the remaining 2 concern neuropeptide and cholinergic effects on cognition and memory in humans. Early results are sometimes conflicting, and clinical applications here seem premature. Futures research directions are described.