Animal evolution, bioturbation, and the sulfate concentration of the oceans
Animal evolution, bioturbation, and the sulfate concentration of the oceans
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0902037106
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发表时间：
2009-05-19
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Farquhar, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canfield, Donald E.;Farquhar, James
正如查尔斯达尔文已经认识到的那样，动物是地球生物学的媒介。达尔文观察到，蠕虫能大规模地使土壤通气和混合，有助于土壤有机质的分解。海洋底栖动物也有类似的情况。这种混合，也被称为生物扰动，不仅有助于沉积有机物质的分解，而且正如这里所争论的那样，它还显著影响了海水的化学性质。特别是，有人提出，沉积物混合的生物扰动生物导致海水硫酸盐浓度增加了几倍。因此，生物扰动作用的演化与硫酸盐蒸发矿物的大量沉积有关，这主要是中生代、过去5.42亿年和动物崛起时期的现象。
As recognized already by Charles Darwin, animals are geobiological agents. Darwin observed that worms aerate and mix soils on a massive scale, aiding in the decomposition of soil organic matter. A similar statement can be made about marine benthic animals. This mixing, also known as bioturbation, not only aides in the decomposition of sedimentary organic material, but as contended here, it has also significantly influenced the chemistry of seawater. In particular, it is proposed that sediment mixing by bioturbating organisms resulted in a severalfold increase in seawater sulfate concentration. For this reason, the evolution of bioturbation is linked to the significant deposition of sulfate evaporate minerals, which is largely a phenomena of the Phanerozoic, the last 542 million years and the time over which animals rose to prominence.