The General Geology of the Kruger National Park
The General Geology of the Kruger National Park
复制标题
克鲁格国家公园的一般地质情况
DOI：
10.4102/koedoe.v29i1.517
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
I. Schutte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Schutte
概述了在绘制克鲁格国家公园区域地图期间收集的地质单位和新数据。结合本文提出了一种简化的地质图。在这次区域测绘过程中发现了大量新的地质建造，并为这些单位提出了新的名称。其中一些名字还没有得到南非地层委员会(SACS)的正式承认。地质调查局和其他组织正在进行的工作可能会进一步补充和完善本文所提供的数据。Goudplaats和Makhutswi Gneisses是公园里已知的最古老的岩石。它们构成了以Murchison和Barberton层序为代表的各种绿岩带的涎岩基底。奥本片麻岩的年龄关系尚未确定。英云闪长岩片麻岩和奥长英云闪长岩片麻岩构成了Nelspruit花岗岩套侵入的第一阶段。Shamiriri花岗岩、Macetse花岗岩和Baderoukwe花岗岩，以及狡猾的Moor Tonalite花岗岩*在随后的兰迪亚埃拉特岩期间侵入了斯威士兰时代的岩石。在Mokolian Erahim开始时，Phalborwa杂岩的正长岩侵入了Makhutswi片麻岩。随后，在公园北部的一个断层控制的海槽中发生了莫科尔时代Soutpansberg群的熔岩挤出和沉积物沉积。辉绿岩以岩床的形式侵入该群。不同年龄段的卡鲁之前的堤坝遍布该地区。Timbavati Gabbro代表了卡鲁之前最年轻的入侵。晚古生代至中生代Karoo层序沿公园东缘由北向南延伸，由沉积岩组成，上覆玄武岩和流纹岩。卡鲁火山作用的末期以花岗斑岩、辉长岩和微花岗岩为代表。白垩纪沉积的马尔维尼亚组不整合地覆盖在公园北部的玄武岩上。第四纪表层沉积覆盖了一些较老的岩石。*尚未获得SACS批准。
Geological units and new data gathered during regional mapping of the Kruger National Park are summarised. A simplified geological map is presented in conjunction with this paper. A large number of new geological formations have been recognised in the course of this regional mapping and new names have been proposed for these units. Some of these names have not yet been officially recognised by the South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS). On-going work by the Geological Survey and other organisations is likely to lead to further additions to and refinement of the data presented in this paper. The Goudplaats and Makhutswi Gneisses are the oldest rocks known in the park. They form the sialic basement of the various greenstone belts represented by the Murchison and Barberton sequences. The age relations of the Orpen Gneiss* have not yet been established. Tonalitic and trondjemitic gneisses constitute the first phase of intrusion of the Nelspruit Granite Suite. The Shamiriri, Macetse* and Baderoukwe Granites, and the Cunning Moor Tonalite* intrudes rocks of Swazian age during the succeeding Randian Erathem. At the commencement of the Mokolian Erathem syenite of the Phalaborwa Complex intruded the Makhutswi Gneiss. Subsequently extrusion of lavas and deposition of sediments of the Soutpansberg Group of Mokolian age took place in a fault-bounded trough in the northern part of the park. Diabase intruded the Group in the form of sills. Pre-Karoo dykes of various ages occur throughout the area. The Timbavati Gabbro represents the youngest Pre-Karoo intrusion. The Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic Karoo Sequence extends from north to south along the eastern edge of the park and consists of sedimentary rocks overlain by basalt and rhyolite. The last phase of Karoo volcanism is represented by granophyre, gabbro and microgranite. The sedimentary Malvernia Formation of Cretaceous age unconformably overlies the basalt in the northern part of the park. Quarternary surficial deposits blanket the older rocks in places. * Not yet approved by SACS.